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SN 47 · 55 texts · 55 in English

Linked Discourses on Mindfulness Meditation

Satipaṭṭhānasaṁyutta

The “Linked Discourses on Mindfulness Meditation” contains 104 discourses on the four kinds of mindfulness meditation (satipaṭṭhāna, otherwise known as the “foundations of mindfulness” or “establishments of mindfulness”). These are the body, feelings, mind, and principles. The last of these is translated in various ways, but a close reading of the texts in this chapter shows that it originally referred to the “principles” of causality underlying the process of meditation itself. These discourses on this fundamental topic are much less known than the longer “Discourse on Mindfulness Meditation” found in versions in MN 10 and DN 22; however, they are historically earlier than that late compilation. Where MN 10 emphasizes insight meditation, in this collection we frequently find mindfulness closely connected to absorption, as it is the factor of the path that leads directly to “right immersion”. Insight is mentioned only rarely. The root meaning of the term mindfulness (sati) is “memory”, and when used in meditation it refers to not “forgetting” one’s meditation, but keeping focus on the breath or other theme of meditation. This collection presents a range of perspectives on mindfulness meditation; one of its most memorable features is a series of similes or parables illustrating the practice. The partner of mindfulness (sati) is “situational awareness” (sampajañña, sometimes rendered as “clear comprehension”), which refers to keeping a broad awareness and understanding especially in daily activities.

The Chapter on Ambapālī the Courtesan

Ambapālivagga
  • SN 47.1 In Ambapālī’s Mango GroveAmbapālisutta

    At Ambapālī’s mango grove, the Buddha teaches the mendicants about the “way to convergence”, the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.2 MindfulSatisutta

    At Ambapālī’s mango grove, the Buddha teaches the mendicants about the four kinds of mindfulness meditation and the practice of situational awareness.

  • SN 47.3 A MonkBhikkhusutta

    When a mendicant asks for a teaching to take on retreat, the Buddha issues an unexpected rebuke. Evidently the mendicant had been badly behaved; but now, he insists, he is sincere. The Buddha relents, and teaches the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, well grounded on ethics.

  • SN 47.4 At SālāSālasutta

    Newly ordained mendicants should practice the four kinds of mindfulness meditation; trainees are practicing them, and perfected ones have perfected the practice.

  • SN 47.5 A Heap of the UnskillfulAkusalarāsisutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are a complete heap of what is skillful.

  • SN 47.6 A HawkSakuṇagghisutta

    The parable of the quail and the hawk. When the quail ventured outside her ancestral territory, she became vulnerable. And what is a mendicant’s ancestral territory? The four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.7 A MonkeyMakkaṭasutta

    The parable of the foolish monkey who gets trapped in tar when it ventures outside its ancestral territory. And what is a mendicant’s ancestral territory? The four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.8 CooksSūdasutta

    The parable of the cook. They present different kinds of dishes to the king, and observe which the king likes. In the same way, a mendicant observes why their meditation succeeds or fails. When the four kinds of mindfulness meditation succeeds it leads to giving up hindrances and entering immersion.

  • SN 47.9 SickGilānasutta

    The Buddha decides to spend his final rains retreat at Vesālī in Beluvagāmaka. During the retreat he becomes very ill, but later recovers. Ānanda wonders who will guide the Saṅgha when the Buddha dies, but the Buddha says they should be their own refuge, grounded on the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.10 The Nuns’ QuartersBhikkhunupassayasutta

    When Ānanda visits the nuns’s quarters they tell him that their meditation is prospering to higher and higher levels. Ānanda reports the good news to the Buddha, who speaks of two ways of developing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation: directed and undirected.

The Chapter at Nālandā

Nālandavagga
  • SN 47.11 A Great ManMahāpurisasutta

    Sāriputta asks the Buddha what is a great man, and the Buddha says it is someone whose mind has been freed by developing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.12 At NāḷandāNālandasutta

    Sāriputta boldly claims that no-one has ever, or will ever, be more enlightened than the Buddha. He admits that he cannot read the minds of all the Buddhas, but he understands a principle of the Dhamma: all those who become awakened do so by giving up the five hindrances, practicing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, and developing the seven awakening factors.

  • SN 47.13 With CundaCundasutta

    Sāriputta dies of illness, and the novice Cunda together with Ānanda take his bowl and robes and report the sad news to the Buddha. The Buddha dispels Ānanda’s sadness by speaking of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.14 At UkkacelāUkkacelasutta

    After the passing of Sāriputta and Moggallāna (whose actual death is unrecorded in the canon), the Buddha says the Saṅgha looks empty; yet he is not sad.

  • SN 47.15 With BāhiyaBāhiyasutta

    When Venerable Bāhiya asks for a teaching to take on retreat, the Buddha teaches the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, well grounded on ethics.

  • SN 47.16 With UttiyaUttiyasutta

    When Venerable Uttiya asks for a teaching to take on retreat, the Buddha teaches the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, well grounded on ethics.

  • SN 47.17 NobleAriyasutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation lead to the end of suffering.

  • SN 47.18 DivinityBrahmasutta

    Just after the Buddha’s awakening, Brahmā Sahampati supports the Buddha’s reflection that the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the way to convergence.

  • SN 47.19 At SedakaSedakasutta

    Two acrobats discuss whether one should support the other, or the other way around. The Buddha says they should support each other. In the same way we should practice the four kinds of mindfulness meditation both for one’s own benefit and to protect others.

  • SN 47.20 The Finest Lady in the LandJanapadakalyāṇīsutta

    A parable that sets up an impossible challenge: to walk between a popular performer and the crowd jostling to see her, carrying a bowl of oil filled to the brim, while a man with a drawn sword waits to chop off your head if you spill a drop. That’s mindfulness!

The Chapter on Ethics and Duration

Sīlaṭṭhitivagga
  • SN 47.21 EthicsSīlasutta

    Venerable Bhadda asks Ānanda about the ethical virtues encouraged by the Buddha—what is their purpose? To develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.22 Long LastingCiraṭṭhitisutta

    Venerable Bhadda asks Ānanda about the conditions under which the true teaching lasts long or does not last long after the Buddha’s passing. Ānanda says it depends on whether the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are practiced.

  • SN 47.23 DeclineParihānasutta

    Venerable Bhadda asks Ānanda about the conditions under which the true teaching declines. Ānanda says it depends on whether the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are practiced.

  • SN 47.24 Plain VersionSuddhasutta

    A simple teaching on the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.25 A Certain BrahminAññatarabrāhmaṇasutta

    A brahmin asks the Buddha about the conditions under which the true teaching lasts long or does not last long after the Buddha’s passing. The Buddha says it depends on whether the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are practiced.

  • SN 47.26 PartlyPadesasutta

    Sāriputta asks Anuruddha what makes someone a trainee. It is someone who has partly developed the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.27 CompletelySamattasutta

    Sāriputta asks Anuruddha what makes someone an adept. It is someone who has fully developed the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.28 The WorldLokasutta

    Anuruddha claims to have developed the various direct knowledges by practicing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.29 With SirivaḍḍhaSirivaḍḍhasutta

    When the householder Sirivaḍḍha is sick, Ānanda visits him and encourages him to practice mindfulness meditation. But he has already developed them, and abandoned the five lower fetters.

  • SN 47.30 With MānadinnaMānadinnasutta

    When the householder Mānadinna is sick, Ānanda visits him and encourages him to practice mindfulness meditation. But he has already developed them, and abandoned the five lower fetters.

The Chapter on Not Learned From Anyone Else

Ananussutavagga
  • SN 47.31 Not Learned From Anyone ElseAnanussutasutta

    The full knowledge of mindfulness meditation was not learned before the Buddha.

  • SN 47.32 Fading AwayVirāgasutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation lead to peace.

  • SN 47.33 Missed OutViraddhasutta

    Someone who has neglected the four kinds of mindfulness meditation has neglected the noble path.

  • SN 47.34 DevelopedBhāvitasutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation lead from the near to the far shore.

  • SN 47.35 MindfulSatisutta

    Mindfulness is the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. Situational awareness is watching the arising and passing of feelings, thoughts, and perceptions.

  • SN 47.36 EnlightenmentAññāsutta

    When the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are developed, perfection or non-return may be expected.

  • SN 47.37 DesireChandasutta

    Developing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, desire is abandoned.

  • SN 47.38 Complete UnderstandingPariññātasutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation lead to realizing the deathless.

  • SN 47.39 DevelopmentBhāvanāsutta

    The development of the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.40 AnalysisVibhaṅgasutta

    The Buddha teaches the simple passage on the four kinds of mindfulness meditation and an advanced analysis, which involves contemplating them as impermanent.

The Chapter on Freedom From Death

Amatavagga
  • SN 47.41 Freedom From DeathAmatasutta

    Develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, don’t let the deathless be lost.

  • SN 47.42 OriginSamudayasutta

    The causes for the origination and cessation of the phenomena upon which the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are grounded.

  • SN 47.43 The PathMaggasutta

    The Buddha tells the mendicants how, just after his awakening, Brahmā Sahampati supported the Buddha’s reflection that the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the way to convergence.

  • SN 47.44 MindfulSatisutta

    Be mindful by developing the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.45 A Heap of the SkillfulKusalarāsisutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation are a heap of the skillful.

  • SN 47.46 Restraint in the Monastic CodePātimokkhasaṁvarasutta

    When a mendicant asks for a teaching to take on retreat, the Buddha teaches the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, well grounded on restraint in the code of monastic rules.

  • SN 47.47 Bad ConductDuccaritasutta

    When a mendicant asks for a teaching to take on retreat, the Buddha teaches the four kinds of mindfulness meditation, well grounded on good bodily, verbal, and mental conduct.

  • SN 47.48 FriendsMittasutta

    You should encourage your friends to practice the four kinds of mindfulness meditation.

  • SN 47.49 FeelingsVedanāsutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation help to understand the three feelings.

  • SN 47.50 DefilementsĀsavasutta

    The four kinds of mindfulness meditation help to give up the defilements.

The Chapter of Abbreviated Texts on the Ganges

Gaṅgāpeyyālavagga

The Chapter on Diligence

Appamādavagga

The Chapter on Hard Work

Balakaraṇīyavagga
  • SN 47.73–84 Hard WorkBalakaraṇīyavagga

The Chapter on Searches

Esanāvagga

The Chapter on Floods

Oghavagga
  • SN 47.95–104 FloodsOghavagga