1.1PTS 2.16“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, padhānāni.∥“Mendicants, there are these four efforts.1.2Katamāni cattāri?What four?1.3Saṁvarappadhānaṁ, pahānappadhānaṁ, bhāvanāppadhānaṁ, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṁ.The efforts to restrain, to give up, to develop, and to preserve.

1.4Katamañca, bhikkhave, saṁvarappadhānaṁ?And what, mendicants, is the effort to restrain?1.5Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṁ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī.When a mendicant sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.1.6Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ cakkhundriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṁ, cakkhundriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint.1.7Sotena saddaṁ sutvā …When they hear a sound with their ears …1.8ghānena gandhaṁ ghāyitvā …When they smell an odor with their nose …1.9jivhāya rasaṁ sāyitvā …When they taste a flavor with their tongue …1.10kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṁ phusitvā …When they feel a touch with their body …1.11manasā dhammaṁ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī,When they know an idea with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details.1.12yatvādhikaraṇamenaṁ manindriyaṁ asaṁvutaṁ viharantaṁ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṁ, tassa saṁvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṁ, manindriye saṁvaraṁ āpajjati.If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful qualities of covetousness and displeasure would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint.1.13Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, saṁvarappadhānaṁ.This is called the effort to restrain.

2.1Katamañca, bhikkhave, pahānappadhānaṁ?And what, mendicants, is the effort to give up?2.2Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ kāmavitakkaṁ nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti;It’s when a mendicant doesn’t tolerate a sensual,2.3uppannaṁ byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe…malicious,2.4uppannaṁ vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ …pe…or cruel thought that’s arisen, but gives it up, dispels it, eliminates it, and obliterates it.2.5uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṁ gameti.They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful qualities that have arisen, but give them up, dispel them, eliminate them, and obliterate them.2.6Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, pahānappadhānaṁ.This is called the effort to give up.

3.1Katamañca, bhikkhave, bhāvanāppadhānaṁ?And what, mendicants, is the effort to develop?3.2Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ,It’s when a mendicant develops the awakening factors of mindfulness,3.3dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …investigation of principles,3.4vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …energy,3.5pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …rapture,3.6passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …tranquility,3.7samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …immersion,3.8upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ.and equanimity, which rely on seclusion, fading away, and cessation, and ripen as letting go.3.9Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhāvanāppadhānaṁ.This is called the effort to develop.

4.1PTS 2.17Katamañca, bhikkhave, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṁ?And what, mendicants, is the effort to preserve?4.2Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṁ bhaddakaṁ samādhinimittaṁ anurakkhati aṭṭhikasaññaṁ puḷavakasaññaṁ vinīlakasaññaṁ vicchiddakasaññaṁ uddhumātakasaññaṁ.It’s when a mendicant preserves a meditation subject that’s a fine basis of immersion: the perception of a skeleton, a worm-infested corpse, a livid corpse, a split open corpse, or a bloated corpse.4.3Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, anurakkhaṇāppadhānaṁ.This is called the effort to preserve.

4.4Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri padhānānīti.These are the four efforts.

5.1Saṁvaro ca pahānañca,Restraint and giving up,5.2bhāvanā anurakkhaṇā;development and preservation:5.3Ete padhānā cattāro,these are the four efforts5.4desitādiccabandhunā;taught by the Kinsman of the Sun.5.5Yehi bhikkhu idhātāpī,Any mendicant who keenly applies these5.6khayaṁ dukkhassa pāpuṇe”ti.may attain the ending of suffering.”

5.7Catutthaṁ.