1.1Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṁ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ.At one time the Buddha was wandering in the land of the Kosalans together with a large Saṅgha of mendicants.1.2Addasā kho bhagavā addhānamaggappaṭipanno aññatarasmiṁ padese mahantaṁ sālavanaṁ;While traveling along a road the Buddha saw a large sal grove in a certain spot.1.3disvāna maggā okkamma yena taṁ sālavanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ sālavanaṁ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṁ padese sitaṁ pātvākāsi.He left the road, went to the sal grove, and plunged deep into it. And at a certain spot he smiled.

2.1PTS 3.215Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi:Then Venerable Ānanda thought,2.2“ko nu kho hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?“What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?2.3Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

2.4Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:So Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha,2.5“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?“What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?2.6Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

3.1“Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, imasmiṁ padese nagaraṁ ahosi iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṁ ākiṇṇamanussaṁ.“Once upon a time, Ānanda, there was a city in this spot that was successful and prosperous, populous and full of people.3.2Taṁ kho panānanda, nagaraṁ kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsi.And Kassapa, a blessed one, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha, lived supported by that city.

3.3Kassapassa kho panānanda, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa gavesī nāma upāsako ahosi sīlesu aparipūrakārī.He had a lay follower named Gavesī who had not fulfilled all the precepts.3.4Gavesinā kho, ānanda, upāsakena pañcamattāni upāsakasatāni paṭidesitāni samādapitāni ahesuṁ sīlesu aparipūrakārino.And the five hundred lay followers who were taught and advised by Gavesī also had not fulfilled all the precepts.3.5Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:Then Gavesī thought:3.6‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā, ahañcamhi sīlesu aparipūrakārī, imāni ca pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu aparipūrakārino.‘I’m the helper, leader, and adviser of these five hundred lay followers, yet neither I nor they have fulfilled the precepts.3.7Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;We’re the same, I’m in no way better.3.8handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.So let me do better.’

4.1PTS 3.216Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:4.2‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto sīlesu paripūrakāriṁ dhārethā’ti.‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who has fulfilled the precepts.’4.3Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:Then those five hundred lay followers thought:4.4‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.‘Master Gavesī is our helper, leader, and adviser,4.5Ayyo hi nāma gavesī sīlesu paripūrakārī bhavissati.and now he will fulfill the precepts.4.6Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.Why don’t we do the same?’4.7Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:Then those five hundred lay followers went to Gavesī and said to him:4.8‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino dhāretū’ti.‘From this day forth may Master Gavesī remember these five hundred lay followers as having fulfilled the precepts.’

4.9Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:Then Gavesī thought:4.10‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā, ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī, imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.‘I’m the helper, leader, and adviser of these five hundred lay followers, and both I and they have fulfilled the precepts.4.11Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;We’re the same, I’m in no way better.4.12handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.So let me do better.’

5.1Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:5.2‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto brahmacāriṁ dhāretha ārācāriṁ virataṁ methunā gāmadhammā’ti.‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who is chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.’5.3Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:Then those five hundred lay followers did the same. …5.4‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.5.5Ayyo hi nāma gavesī brahmacārī bhavissati ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.5.6Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.5.7Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:5.8‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino dhāretu ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā’ti.

5.9Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:Then Gavesī thought:5.10‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.‘These five hundred lay followers …5.11Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī.5.12Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.5.13Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.5.14Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā.are chaste, set apart, refraining from the vulgar act of sex.5.15Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;We’re the same, I’m in no way better.5.16handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.So let me do better.’

6.1PTS 3.217Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena tāni pañca upāsakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāni pañca upāsakasatāni etadavoca:Then Gavesī went to those five hundred lay followers and said to them:6.2‘ajjatagge maṁ āyasmanto ekabhattikaṁ dhāretha rattūparataṁ virataṁ vikālabhojanā’ti.‘From this day forth may the venerables remember me as one who eats in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night, and from food at the wrong time.’6.3Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:Then those five hundred lay followers did the same. …6.4‘ayyo kho gavesī bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.6.5Ayyo hi nāma gavesī ekabhattiko bhavissati rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā.6.6Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.6.7Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena gavesī upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā gavesiṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ:6.8‘ajjatagge ayyo gavesī imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattike dhāretu rattūparate virate vikālabhojanā’ti.

6.9Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa upāsakassa etadahosi:Then Gavesī thought:6.10‘ahaṁ kho imesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.‘These five hundred lay followers …6.11Ahañcamhi sīlesu paripūrakārī.6.12Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni sīlesu paripūrakārino.6.13Ahañcamhi brahmacārī ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.6.14Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni brahmacārino ārācārino viratā methunā gāmadhammā.6.15Ahañcamhi ekabhattiko rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā.6.16Imānipi pañca upāsakasatāni ekabhattikā rattūparatā viratā vikālabhojanā.eat in one part of the day, abstaining from eating at night, and food at the wrong time.6.17Iccetaṁ samasamaṁ, natthi kiñci atirekaṁ;We’re the same, I’m in no way better.6.18handāhaṁ atirekāyā’ti.So let me do better.’

7.1Atha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ etadavoca:Then the lay follower Gavesī went up to the blessed one Kassapa, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha and said to him:7.2‘labheyyāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ labheyyaṁ upasampadan’ti.‘Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence?’7.3Alattha kho, ānanda, gavesī upāsako kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.And he received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence.7.4Acirūpasampanno kho panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.Not long after his ordination, the mendicant Gavesī, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

7.5‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi.He understood: ‘Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is nothing further for this place.’7.6Aññataro ca panānanda, gavesī bhikkhu arahataṁ ahosi.And the mendicant Gavesī became one of the perfected.

8.1PTS 3.218Atha kho, ānanda, tesaṁ pañcannaṁ upāsakasatānaṁ etadahosi:Then those five hundred lay followers thought:8.2‘ayyo kho gavesī amhākaṁ bahūpakāro pubbaṅgamo samādapetā.‘Master Gavesī is our helper, leader, and adviser,8.3Ayyo hi nāma gavesī kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati.He has shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and gone forth from the lay life to homelessness.8.4Kimaṅgaṁ pana mayan’ti.Why don’t we do the same?’8.5Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni yena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā kassapaṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhaṁ etadavocuṁ:Then those five hundred lay followers went up to the blessed one Kassapa, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha and said to him:8.6‘labheyyāma mayaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, labheyyāma upasampadan’ti.‘Sir, may we receive the going forth and ordination in the Buddha’s presence?’8.7Alabhiṁsu kho, ānanda, tāni pañca upāsakasatāni kassapassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṁ, alabhiṁsu upasampadaṁ.And they did receive the going forth and ordination in the Buddha’s presence.

9.1Atha kho, ānanda, gavesissa bhikkhuno etadahosi:Then the mendicant Gavesī thought:9.2‘ahaṁ kho imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhī homi akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.‘I get the supreme bliss of freedom whenever I want, without trouble or difficulty.9.3Aho vatimānipi pañca bhikkhusatāni imassa anuttarassa vimuttisukhassa nikāmalābhino assu akicchalābhino akasiralābhino’ti.Oh, may these five hundred mendicants do the same!’9.4Atha kho, ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharantā nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ—Then those five hundred mendicants, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme culmination of the spiritual path in this very life. They lived having achieved with their own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.9.5brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihariṁsu.

9.6‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññiṁsu.They understood: ‘Rebirth is ended, the spiritual journey has been completed, what had to be done has been done, there is nothing further for this place.’

10.1Iti kho, ānanda, tāni pañca bhikkhusatāni gavesīpamukhāni uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītaṁ vāyamamānā anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ sacchākaṁsu.And so, Ānanda, those five hundred mendicants headed by Gavesī, trying to go higher and higher, better and better, realized the supreme bliss of freedom.10.2Tasmātiha, ānanda, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:So you should train like this:10.3‘uttaruttari paṇītapaṇītaṁ vāyamamānā anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ sacchikarissāmā’ti.‘Trying to go higher and higher, better and better, we will realize the supreme bliss of freedom.’10.4Evañhi vo, ānanda, sikkhitabban”ti.That’s how you should train.”

10.5Dasamaṁ.

10.6Upāsakavaggo tatiyo.

11.0Tassuddānaṁ

11.1PTS 3.219Sārajjaṁ visārado nirayaṁ,11.2Veraṁ caṇḍālapañcamaṁ;11.3Pīti vaṇijjā rājāno,11.4Gihī ceva gavesināti.