1.1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—So I have heard.1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery.1.3Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,1.4“bhikkhavo”ti.“Mendicants!”

1.5“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.“Venerable sir,” they replied.1.6Bhagavā etadavoca:The Buddha said this:

2.1“Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.“Mendicants, be my heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.¹2.2Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:Out of sympathy for you, I think,2.3‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.‘How can my disciples become heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh?’

2.4Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha:If you become heirs in things of the flesh, not in the teaching, that will make you liable to the accusation:²2.5‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti;‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in things of the flesh, not in the teaching.’2.6ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṁ:And it will make me liable to the accusation:2.7‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti.‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in things of the flesh, not in the teaching.’

2.8Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha:If you become heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh, that will make you not liable to the accusation:2.9‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti;‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.’2.10ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṁ:And it will make me not liable to the accusation:2.11‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti.‘The Teacher’s disciples live as heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.’

2.12Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.So, mendicants, be my heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.2.13Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:Out of sympathy for you, I think,2.14‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.‘How can my disciples become heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh?’

3.1PTS 1.13Idhāhaṁ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṁ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;Suppose that I had eaten and refused more food, being replete, and having had as much as I needed.³3.2siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.And there was some extra almsfood that was going to be thrown away.3.3Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṁ jighacchādubbalyaparetā.Then two mendicants were to come who were weak with hunger.3.4Tyāhaṁ evaṁ vadeyyaṁ:I’d say to them,3.5‘ahaṁ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;‘Mendicants, I have eaten and refused more food, being replete, and having had as much as I need.3.6atthi ca me ayaṁ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.And there is this extra almsfood that’s going to be thrown away.3.7Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha, idānāhaṁ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti.Eat it if you like. Otherwise I’ll throw it out where there is little that grows, or drop it into water that has no living creatures.’

3.8Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa:Then one of those mendicants thought,3.9‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;‘The Buddha has eaten and refused more food.3.10atthi cāyaṁ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.And he has some extra almsfood that’s going to be thrown away.3.11Sace mayaṁ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati.If we don’t eat it he’ll throw it away.3.12Vuttaṁ kho panetaṁ bhagavatā:But the Buddha has also said:3.13“dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā”ti.“Be my heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.”3.14Āmisaññataraṁ kho panetaṁ, yadidaṁ piṇḍapāto.And almsfood is one of the things of the flesh.3.15Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ piṇḍapātaṁ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṁ imaṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyyan’ti.Instead of eating this almsfood, why don’t I spend this day and night weak with hunger?’3.16So taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya.And that’s what they did.

3.17Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa:Then the second of those mendicants thought,3.18‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho;‘The Buddha has eaten and refused more food.3.19atthi cāyaṁ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo.And he has some extra almsfood that’s going to be thrown away.3.20Sace mayaṁ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati.If we don’t eat it he’ll throw it away.3.21Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ imaṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyyan’ti.Why don’t I eat this almsfood, then spend the day and night having dispelled my hunger and weakness?’3.22So taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya.And that’s what they did.

3.23Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṁ piṇḍapātaṁ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṁ paṭivinodetvā evaṁ taṁ rattindivaṁ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṁsataro ca.∥Even though that mendicant, after eating the almsfood, spent the day and night having dispelled hunger and weakness, it is the former mendicant who is more worthy of respect and praise.3.24Taṁ kissa hetu?Why is that?3.25Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṁ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṁvattissati.Because for a long time that will conduce to that mendicant being of few wishes, content, self-effacing, unburdensome, and energetic.⁴

3.26Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā.So, mendicants, be my heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh.3.27Atthi me tumhesu anukampā:Out of sympathy for you, I think,3.28‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṁ, no āmisadāyādā’”ti.‘How can my disciples become heirs in the teaching, not in things of the flesh?’”

4.1Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.4.2Idaṁ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṁ pāvisi.When he had spoken, the Holy One rose from his seat and entered his dwelling.

4.3PTS 1.14Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi:Then, not long after the Buddha left, Venerable Sāriputta said to the mendicants,⁵4.4“āvuso bhikkhave”ti.“Reverends, mendicants!”

4.5“Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṁ.“Reverend,” they replied.4.6Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca:Sāriputta said this:

5.1“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī”ti?“Reverends, how do the disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion not train in seclusion? And how do they train in seclusion?”⁶

5.2“Dūratopi kho mayaṁ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṁ.“Reverend, we would travel a long way to learn the meaning of this statement in the presence of Venerable Sāriputta.5.3Sādhu vatāyasmantaṁyeva sāriputtaṁ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho;May Venerable Sāriputta himself please clarify the meaning of this.5.4āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti.The mendicants will listen and remember it.”

5.5“Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.“Well then, reverends, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”

5.6“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṁ.“Yes, reverend,” they replied.5.7Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca:Sāriputta said this:

6.1“Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti?“Reverends, how do the disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion not train in seclusion?6.2Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti,The disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion do not train in seclusion.6.3yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti,They don’t give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.6.4bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā.They’re indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting seclusion.6.5Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.In this case, the senior mendicants should be criticized on three grounds.⁷6.6‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhantī’ti—‘The disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion do not train in seclusion.’6.7iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.This is the first ground.6.8‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti—‘They don’t give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.’6.9iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.This is the second ground.6.10‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti—‘They’re indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting seclusion.’6.11iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.This is the third ground.6.12Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.The senior mendicants should be criticized on these three grounds.6.13Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe…In this case, the middle mendicants⁸6.14navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.and the junior mendicants should be criticized on the same three grounds.⁹6.15‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhantī’ti—6.16iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.6.17‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti—6.18iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.6.19‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti—6.20iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti.6.21Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti.6.22Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṁ nānusikkhanti.This is how the disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion do not train in seclusion.

7.1PTS 1.15Kittāvatā ca panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti?And how do the disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion train in seclusion?7.2Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti—The disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion train in seclusion.7.3yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti;They give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.7.4na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā.They’re not indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting seclusion.7.5Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.In this case, the senior mendicants should be praised on three grounds.7.6‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti—‘The disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion train in seclusion.’7.7iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.This is the first ground.7.8‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti—‘They give up what the Teacher tells them to give up.’7.9iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.This is the second ground.7.10‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti—‘They’re not indulgent and slack, leaders in backsliding, neglecting seclusion.’7.11iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.This is the third ground.7.12Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.The senior mendicants should be praised on these three grounds.7.13Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū …pe…In this case, the middle mendicants7.14navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.and the junior mendicants should be praised on the same three grounds.7.15‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti—7.16iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.7.17‘Yesañca dhammānaṁ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti—7.18iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.7.19‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti—7.20iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṁsā bhavanti.7.21Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṁsā bhavanti.7.22Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.This is how the disciples of a Teacher who lives in seclusion train in seclusion.

8.1Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako.The bad thing here is greed and hate.8.2Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.There is a middle way of practice for giving up greed and hate. It gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.¹⁰8.3Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?And what is that middle way of practice?8.4Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:¹¹8.5sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.8.6Ayaṁ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.This is that middle way of practice, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.

9-15.1PTS 1.16Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako …pe…The bad thing here is anger and acrimony. …9-15.2makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako,disdain and contempt …9-15.3issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṁ,jealousy and stinginess …9-15.4māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṁ,deceit and deviousness …9-15.5thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako,obstinacy and aggression …9-15.6māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako,conceit and arrogance …9-15.7mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako.vanity and negligence.9-15.8Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.There is a middle way of practice for giving up vanity and negligence. It gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.9-15.9Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?And what is that middle way of practice?9-15.10Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:9-15.11sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi.right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.9-15.12Ayaṁ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattatī”ti.This is that middle way of practice, which gives vision and knowledge, and leads to peace, direct knowledge, awakening, and extinguishment.”

9-15.13Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto.That is what Venerable Sāriputta said.9-15.14Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.Satisfied, the mendicants approved what Sāriputta said.

9-15.15Dhammadāyādasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.