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Bi Pc 612 min read

61. Ordaining a pregnant woman

Gabbhinī

A nun who ordains a pregnant woman must confess the offense.

Translated by Bhikkhu Brahmali · Pāli: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka · Public domain (CC0) via SuttaCentral

  • 0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
  • 0.2BhikkhunivibhaṅgaThe Nuns’ Analysis
  • 0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
  • 0.4GabbhinivaggaThe subchapter on pregnant women

0.561. GabbhinisikkhāpadaOrdaining a pregnant woman

1.0Origin story

1.1Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,1.2Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpenti.the nuns gave the full admission to a pregnant woman.1.3Sā piṇḍāya carati.When she walked for alms,1.4Manussā evamāhaṁsu—people said,1.5“dethāyyāya bhikkhaṁ, garubhārā ayyā”ti.“Give almsfood to the venerable. She’s carrying a heavy burden.”

1.6Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—People complained and criticized them,1.7“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpessantī”ti.“How could the nuns give the full admission to a pregnant woman?”

1.8Assosuṁ kho bhikkhuniyo tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The nuns heard the complaints of those people1.9Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā …pe… tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—and the nuns of few desires complained and criticized them,1.10“kathañhi nāma bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpessantī”ti …pe…“How could nuns do this?” …1.11“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpentī”ti?“Is it true, monks, that nuns did this?”

1.12“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

1.13Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them …1.14kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpessanti.“How could nuns do this?1.15Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …1.16evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddisantu—“And, monks, the nuns should recite this training rule like this:

1.17.0Final ruling

1.17.1“Yā pana bhikkhunī gabbhiniṁ vuṭṭhāpeyya, pācittiyan”ti.‘If a nun gives the full admission to a pregnant woman, she commits an offense entailing confession.’”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Yā panātiA:
2.1.2yā yādisā …pe…whoever …
2.1.3bhikkhunītiNun:
2.1.4…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.… The nun who has been given the full ordination in unanimity by both Sanghas through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of nun is meant in this case.
2.1.5Gabbhinī nāmaA pregnant woman:
2.1.6āpannasattā vuccati.a woman with child is what is meant.
2.1.7VuṭṭhāpeyyātiGives the full admission:
2.1.8upasampādeyya.gives the full ordination.2.1.9“Vuṭṭhāpessāmī”ti gaṇaṁ vā ācariniṁ vā pattaṁ vā cīvaraṁ vā pariyesati, sīmaṁ vā sammannati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If, intending to give the full admission, she searches for a group, a teacher, a bowl, or a robe, or she establishes a monastery zone, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.12.1.10Ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ.After the motion, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.22.1.11Dvīhi kammavācāhi dukkaṭā.After each of the first two announcements, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.1.12Kammavācāpariyosāne upajjhāyāya āpatti pācittiyassa.When the last announcement is finished, the preceptor commits an offense entailing confession,2.1.13Gaṇassa ca ācariniyā ca āpatti dukkaṭassa.and the group and the teacher commit an offense of wrong conduct.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Gabbhiniyā gabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If the woman is pregnant, and the nun perceives her as such, yet she gives her the full admission, she commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.2Gabbhiniyā vematikā vuṭṭhāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the woman is pregnant, but the nun is unsure of it, yet she gives her the full admission, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.3Gabbhiniyā agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti, anāpatti.If the woman is pregnant, but the nun does not perceive her as such, and she gives her the full admission, there is no offense.

2.2.4PTS 4.318Agabbhiniyā gabbhinisaññā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the woman is not pregnant, but the nun perceives her as such, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.5Agabbhiniyā vematikā, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the woman is not pregnant, but the nun is unsure of it, she commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Agabbhiniyā agabbhinisaññā, anāpatti.If the woman is not pregnant, and the nun does not perceive her as such, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2gabbhiniṁ agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti,if she gives the full admission to a woman who is pregnant, but she does not perceive her as such; 2.3.3agabbhiniṁ agabbhinisaññā vuṭṭhāpeti,if she gives the full admission to a woman who is not pregnant, and she does not perceive her as such; 2.3.4ummattikāya,if she is insane; 2.3.5ādikammikāyāti.if she is the first offender.

2.3.6Paṭhamasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.The first training rule is finished.

Translator’s notes

  1. For a discussion of the rendering “monastery zone” for sīmā, see Appendix of Technical Terms.

    ↩ pli-tv-bi-vb-pc61:2.1.9
  2. The Pali just says dukkaṭa, without specifying that it is an āpatti, “an offense”. Yet elsewhere, such as at Bu Ss 10:2.65, the dukkaṭa is annulled if you commit the full offense of saṅghādisesa. The implication is that in these contexts dukkaṭa should be read as āpatti dukkaṭassa, “an offense of wrong conduct”.

    ↩ pli-tv-bi-vb-pc61:2.1.10