1.1.0Origin story

1.1.1PTS 3.230Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.∥At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.1.1.2Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—“icchāmahaṁ, bhikkhave, temāsaṁ paṭisallīyituṁ.There the Buddha addressed the monks: “Monks, I wish to do a solitary retreat for three months.1.1.3Namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakenā”ti.No one should visit me except the one who brings me almsfood.”

1.1.4“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā nāssudha koci bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamati, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena.“Yes, sir,” they replied, and no one visited him except the one who brought him almsfood.

1.1.5Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā saṅghena katikā katā hoti—Soon afterwards the Sangha at Sāvatthī made the following agreement:1.1.6“icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṁ paṭisallīyituṁ.“The Buddha wishes to be on solitary retreat for three months.1.1.7Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena.No one should visit him except the one who brings him almsfood.1.1.8Yo bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṁ desāpetabbo”ti.Anyone who does must confess an offense entailing confession.”

1.1.9Atha kho āyasmā upaseno vaṅgantaputto, sapariso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.∥Just then Venerable Upasena of Vaṅganta and his followers went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down.1.1.10Āciṇṇaṁ kho panetaṁ buddhānaṁ bhagavantānaṁ āgantukehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ paṭisammodituṁ. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ upasenaṁ vaṅgantaputtaṁ etadavoca—Since it is the custom for Buddhas to greet newly-arrived monks, the Buddha said to Upasena,1.1.11“kacci vo, upasena, khamanīyaṁ kacci yāpanīyaṁ,“I hope you’re keeping well, Upasena, I hope you’re getting by?1.1.12kaccittha appakilamathena addhānaṁ āgatā”ti?I hope you’re not tired from traveling?”

1.1.13“Khamanīyaṁ, bhagavā, yāpanīyaṁ, bhagavā.“We’re keeping well, sir, we’re getting by.1.1.14Appakilamathena ca mayaṁ, bhante, addhānaṁ āgatā”ti.We’re not tired from traveling.”

1.1.15PTS 3.231Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upasenassa vaṅgantaputtassa saddhivihāriko bhikkhu bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—One of Upasena’s students was seated not far from the Buddha, and the Buddha said to him,1.1.16“manāpāni te, bhikkhu, paṁsukūlānī”ti?“Do you like rag robes, monk?”

1.1.17“Na kho me, bhante, manāpāni paṁsukūlānī”ti.“I don’t like rag robes, sir.”

1.1.18“Kissa pana tvaṁ, bhikkhu, paṁsukūliko”ti?“Why then do you wear them?”

1.1.19“Upajjhāyo me, bhante, paṁsukūliko. Evaṁ ahampi paṁsukūliko”ti.“My preceptor wears them, and so I do it too.”

1.1.20Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ upasenaṁ vaṅgantaputtaṁ etadavoca—“pāsādikā kho tyāyaṁ, upasena, parisā.And the Buddha said to Upasena, “Upasena, your followers are inspiring.1.1.21Kathaṁ tvaṁ, upasena, parisaṁ vinesī”ti?How do you train them?”

1.1.22“Yo maṁ, bhante, upasampadaṁ yācati tamahaṁ evaṁ vadāmi—“When anyone asks me for the full ordination, I tell him this:1.1.23‘ahaṁ kho, āvuso, āraññiko piṇḍapātiko paṁsukūliko.‘I stay in the wilderness, I eat only almsfood, and I wear rag robes.1.1.24Sace tvampi āraññiko bhavissasi piṇḍapātiko paṁsukūliko, evāhaṁ taṁ upasampādessāmī’ti.If you do the same, I’ll give you the full ordination.’1.1.25Sace me paṭissuṇāti upasampādemi, no ce me paṭissuṇāti na upasampādemi.If he agrees, I ordain him. Otherwise I don’t.1.1.26Yo maṁ nissayaṁ yācati tamahaṁ evaṁ vadāmi—And I do the same when anyone asks me for support.¹1.1.27‘ahaṁ kho, āvuso, āraññiko piṇḍapātiko paṁsukūliko.1.1.28Sace tvampi āraññiko bhavissasi piṇḍapātiko paṁsukūliko, evāhaṁ te nissayaṁ dassāmī’ti.1.1.29Sace me paṭissuṇāti nissayaṁ demi, no ce me paṭissuṇāti na nissayaṁ demi.1.1.30Evaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhante, parisaṁ vinemī”ti.It’s in this way that I train my followers.”

1.2.1“Sādhu sādhu, upasena. Sādhu kho tvaṁ, upasena, parisaṁ vinesi.“Good, Upasena, you train your followers well.1.2.2Jānāsi pana tvaṁ, upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katikan”ti?But do you know the agreement made by the Sangha at Sāvatthī?”

1.2.3“Na kho ahaṁ, bhante, jānāmi sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katikan”ti.“No.”

1.2.4“Sāvatthiyā kho, upasena, saṅghena katikā katā—“The Sangha at Sāvatthī has made the following agreement:1.2.5‘icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṁ paṭisallīyituṁ.‘The Buddha wishes to be on solitary retreat for three months.1.2.6Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena.No one should visit him except the one who brings him almsfood.1.2.7Yo bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṁ desāpetabbo’”ti.Anyone who does must confess an offense entailing confession.’”

1.2.8“Paññāyissati, bhante, sāvatthiyā saṅgho sakāya katikāya,“Sir, let the Sangha at Sāvatthī be known for this agreement.1.2.9na mayaṁ apaññattaṁ paññapessāma paññattaṁ vā na samucchindissāma,We, however, don’t lay down new rules, nor do we get rid of the existing ones.1.2.10yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissāmā”ti.We practice and undertake the training rules as they are.”

1.2.11“Sādhu sādhu, upasena,“Good, Upasena.1.2.12apaññattaṁ na paññapetabbaṁ, paññattaṁ vā na samucchinditabbaṁ,One should not lay down new rules, nor should one get rid of the existing ones.1.2.13yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattitabbaṁ.One should practice and undertake the training rules as they are.

1.2.14Anujānāmi, upasena, ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṁsukūlikā yathāsukhaṁ maṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū”ti.And, Upasena, I allow those monks who stay in the wilderness, who eat only almsfood, and who wear rag robes to visit me whenever they please.”

1.2.15Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhitā honti—“mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ upasenaṁ vaṅgantaputtaṁ pācittiyaṁ desāpessāmā”ti.Upasena and his followers got up from their seats, bowed down, circumambulated the Buddha with their right sides toward him, and left.1.2.16Atha kho āyasmā upaseno vaṅgantaputto sapariso uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi.Just then a number of monks were standing outside the gateway, thinking, “We’ll make Venerable Upasena confess an offense entailing confession.”²1.2.17Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ upasenaṁ vaṅgantaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ—“jānāsi tvaṁ, āvuso upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katikan”ti.And they said to Upasena, “Upasena, do you know the agreement of the Sangha at Sāvatthī?”

1.2.18“Bhagavāpi maṁ, āvuso, evamāha—‘jānāsi pana tvaṁ, upasena, sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katikan’ti? ‘Na kho ahaṁ, bhante, jānāmi sāvatthiyā saṅghassa katikan’ti.“The Buddha asked me the same question, and I replied that I didn’t.1.2.19‘Sāvatthiyā kho, upasena, saṅghena katikā katā—He then told me what it was, and I said,1.2.20icchatāvuso, bhagavā temāsaṁ paṭisallīyituṁ.1.2.21Na bhagavā kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena.1.2.22Yo bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamati so pācittiyaṁ desāpetabbo’ti.1.2.23‘Paññāyissati, bhante, sāvatthiyā saṅgho sakāya katikāya,‘Sir, let the Sangha at Sāvatthī be known for this agreement.1.2.24na mayaṁ apaññattaṁ paññapessāma paññattaṁ vā na samucchindissāma,We, however, don’t lay down new rules, nor do we get rid of the existing ones.1.2.25yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattissāmā’ti.We practice and undertake the training rules as they are.’1.2.26Anuññātāvuso, bhagavatā—‘ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṁsukūlikā yathāsukhaṁ maṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū’”ti.Also, the Buddha has allowed those monks who stay in the wilderness, who eat only almsfood, and who wear rag robes to visit him whenever they please.”

1.2.27PTS 3.232Atha kho te bhikkhū—“saccaṁ kho āyasmā upaseno āha—Those monks thought, “It’s true what Venerable Upasena says.”1.2.28‘na apaññattaṁ paññapetabbaṁ, paññattaṁ vā na samucchinditabbaṁ, yathāpaññattesu sikkhāpadesu samādāya vattitabban’”ti.

1.3.1Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū—“anuññātā kira bhagavatā—‘ye te bhikkhū āraññikā piṇḍapātikā paṁsukūlikā yathāsukhaṁ maṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamantū’”ti.The monks heard that the Buddha had allowed those monks who stay in the wilderness, who eat only almsfood, and who wear rag robes to visit him whenever they please.1.3.2Te bhagavantaṁ dassanaṁ pihentā santhatāni ujjhitvā āraññikaṅgaṁ piṇḍapātikaṅgaṁ paṁsukūlikaṅgaṁ samādiyiṁsu.Longing to see the Buddha, they discarded their blankets and undertook the practice of staying in the wilderness, of eating only almsfood, and of wearing rag robes.

1.3.3Atha kho bhagavā sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ senāsanacārikaṁ āhiṇḍanto addasa santhatāni tahaṁ tahaṁ ujjhitāni.Soon afterwards, when the Buddha and a number of monks were walking about the dwellings, he saw discarded blankets here and there.1.3.4Passitvā bhikkhū āmantesi—“kassimāni, bhikkhave, santhatāni tahaṁ tahaṁ ujjhitānī”ti?He asked the monks, “Who owns these discarded blankets?”

1.3.5Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.The monks told him.1.3.6Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:1.3.7“tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca—“Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the following ten reasons:1.3.8saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya …pe…for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha, for the restraint of bad people, for the ease of good monks, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to the present life, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to future lives, to give rise to confidence in those without it, to increase the confidence of those who have it, for the longevity of the true Teaching, and for supporting the training.1.3.9evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this: