0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3NissaggiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on relinquishment
0.4KosiyavaggaThe subchapter on silk

0.519. RūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpadaTrading with money

1.0Origin story

1.1Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.1.2Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjanti.At that time the monks from the group of six engaged in various kinds of trades involving money.1.3Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—People complained and criticized them,1.4“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissanti, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino”ti.“How can the Sakyan monastics engage in trades that involve money? They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!”

1.5Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the complaints of those people,1.6Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,1.7“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissantī”ti.“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”

1.8Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned those monks:1.9“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjathā”ti?“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

1.10“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

1.11Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them …1.12kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjissatha.“Foolish men, how can you do this?1.13Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …1.14evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.15.0Final ruling

1.15.1“Yo pana bhikkhu nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjeyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan”ti.‘If a monk engages in various kinds of trades involving money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”

2.0Definitions

2.1Yo panātiA:

2.2yo yādiso …pe…whoever …

2.3bhikkhūtiMonk:

2.4…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

2.5Nānappakārakaṁ nāmaVarious kinds:

2.6katampi akatampi katākatampi.what is shaped, what is not shaped, and what is both shaped and not shaped.

2.7Kataṁ nāmaWhat is shaped:

2.8sīsūpagaṁ gīvūpagaṁ hatthūpagaṁ pādūpagaṁ kaṭūpagaṁ.what is meant for the head, what is meant for the neck, what is meant for the hands, what is meant for the feet, what is meant for the waist.¹

2.9Akataṁ nāmaWhat is not shaped:

2.10ghanakataṁ vuccati.what is shaped in a lump is what is meant.

2.11Katākataṁ nāmaWhat is both shaped and not shaped:

2.12tadubhayaṁ.both of them.

2.13PTS 3.240Rūpiyaṁ nāmaMoney:

2.14satthuvaṇṇo kahāpaṇo, lohamāsako, dārumāsako, jatumāsako ye vohāraṁ gacchanti.a golden kahāpaṇa coin, a copper māsaka coin, a wooden māsaka coin, a resin māsaka coin—whatever is used in commerce.

2.15SamāpajjeyyātiEngages:

2.16katena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.17Katena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.18Katena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

2.19Akatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.20Akatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.21Akatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

2.22Katākatena kataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.23Katākatena akataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.24Katākatena katākataṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If he exchanges what is both shaped and not shaped with what is both shaped and not shaped, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

2.25Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbaṁ.It should be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha.2.26Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ.“And, monks, it should be relinquished like this.2.27Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo—After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say,

2.28“ahaṁ, bhante, nānappakārakaṁ rūpiyasaṁvohāraṁ samāpajjiṁ.‘Venerables, I have engaged in various kinds of trades involving money.2.29Idaṁ me nissaggiyaṁ.This is to be relinquished.2.30Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti.I relinquish it to the Sangha.’”

2.31Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā.After relinquishing it, he is to confess the offense.2.32Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā.The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk.

2.33Sace tattha āgacchati ārāmiko vā upāsako vā so vattabbo—If a monastery worker or a lay follower is available, you should tell him,2.34“āvuso, imaṁ jānāhī”ti.“Look into this.”2.35Sace so bhaṇati—If he says,2.36“iminā kiṁ āhariyyatū”ti,“What can I get you with this?”2.37na vattabbo—one should not say,2.38“imaṁ vā imaṁ vā āharā”ti.“Get this or that;”2.39Kappiyaṁ ācikkhitabbaṁ—one should point out what is allowable:2.40sappi vā telaṁ vā madhu vā phāṇitaṁ vā.ghee, oil, honey, or syrup.2.41Sace so tena parivattetvā kappiyaṁ āharati, rūpiyacetāpakaṁ ṭhapetvā, sabbeheva paribhuñjitabbaṁ.If he makes a purchase and brings back what is allowable, everyone may enjoy it except the one who did the exchange involving money.

2.42Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;If this is what happens, all is well.2.43no ce labhetha, so vattabbo—If not, he should be told,2.44“āvuso, imaṁ chaḍḍehī”ti.“Discard this.”2.45Sace so chaḍḍeti, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ;If he discards it, all is well.2.46no ce chaḍḍeti, pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako sammannitabbo—If he does not, a monk who has five qualities should be appointed as the money discarder:2.47yo na chandāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṁ gaccheyya, chaḍḍitāchaḍḍitañca jāneyya.he’s not biased by desire, ill will, confusion, or fear, and he knows what has and has not been discarded.

2.48“Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo.“And, monks, he should be appointed like this.2.49Paṭhamaṁ bhikkhu yācitabbo.First the monk should be asked2.50Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha:

2.51‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.2.52Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammanneyya.If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as the money discarder.2.53Esā ñatti.This is the motion.

2.54Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho.Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen.2.55Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ rūpiyachaḍḍakaṁ sammannati.The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as the money discarder.2.56Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno rūpiyachaḍḍakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa;Any monk who approves of appointing monk so-and-so as the money discarder should remain silent.2.57yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya.Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up.

2.58Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu rūpiyachaḍḍako.The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as the money discarder.2.59Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī,The Sangha approves and is therefore silent.2.60evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti.I will remember it thus.’”

2.61Tena sammatena bhikkhunā animittaṁ katvā pātetabbaṁ.The appointed monk should throw it away without taking note of where.2.62Sace nimittaṁ katvā pāteti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If he takes note of where he throws it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

2.63.0Permutations

2.63.1Rūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is money, and he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.²2.64Rūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.65Rūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is money, but he does not perceive it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

2.66Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.³2.67Arūpiye vematiko rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, and he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.2.68Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī rūpiyaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, but he exchanges it for money, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

2.69Arūpiye rūpiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is not money, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.70Arūpiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is not money, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.71Arūpiye arūpiyasaññī, anāpatti.If it is not money, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

2.72.0Non-offenses

2.72.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.73ummattakassa,if he is insane;2.74ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.75Rūpiyasaṁvohārasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.The training rule on trading with money, the ninth, is finished.

19. Trading with money