0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
0.4BhūtagāmavaggaThe subchapter on plants

0.514. SenāsanasikkhāpadaLeaving furniture outside

1.1.0.1Origin story

1.1.0.2First substory

1.1.1Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery during winter,1.1.2Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū hemantike kāle ajjhokāse senāsanaṁ paññapetvā kāyaṁ otāpentā kāle ārocite taṁ pakkamantā neva uddhariṁsu na uddharāpesuṁ, anāpucchā pakkamiṁsu.the monks put furniture out in the open in order to warm themselves in the sun. But when the time for departure was announced, they departed without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone.¹1.1.3Senāsanaṁ ovaṭṭhaṁ hoti.The furniture was rained on.

1.1.4Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,1.1.5“kathaṁ hi nāma bhikkhū ajjhokāse senāsanaṁ paññapetvā taṁ pakkamantā neva uddharissanti na uddharāpessanti, anāpucchā pakkamissanti, senāsanaṁ ovaṭṭhan”ti.“How could those monks put furniture out in the open and then depart without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone? The furniture was rained on.”

1.1.6Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:1.1.7“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū ajjhokāse …pe…“Is it true, monks, that you did this?” …1.1.8evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.1.9.0Final ruling

1.1.9.1“Yo pana bhikkhu saṅghikaṁ mañcaṁ vā pīṭhaṁ vā bhisiṁ vā kocchaṁ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, pācittiyan”ti.‘If a monk takes a bed, a bench, a mattress, or a stool belonging to the Sangha and puts it out in the open or has it put out in the open, and he then departs without putting it away, having it put away, or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

1.1.10Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

1.2.0Second substory

1.2.1PTS 4.40Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū ajjhokāse vasitvā kālasseva senāsanaṁ abhiharanti.Soon afterwards, monks who had stayed out in the open brought the furniture back even though it was not the rainy season.1.2.2Addasā kho bhagavā te bhikkhū kālasseva senāsanaṁ abhiharante.The Buddha saw this.1.2.3Disvāna etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—After giving a teaching, he addressed the monks:

1.2.4“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, aṭṭha māse avassikasaṅkete maṇḍape vā rukkhamūle vā yattha kākā vā kulalā vā na ūhadanti tattha senāsanaṁ nikkhipitun”ti.“Monks, during the eight months outside of the rainy season, I allow you to store furniture under a roof cover or at the foot of a tree or wherever crows or ravens don’t leave droppings.”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Yo panātiA:: 2.1.2yo yādiso …pe…whoever …
2.1.3bhikkhūtiMonk:: 2.1.4…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.…The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
2.1.5Saṅghikaṁ nāmaBelonging to the Sangha:: 2.1.6saṅghassa dinnaṁ hoti pariccattaṁ.given to the Sangha, given up to the Sangha.
2.1.7Mañco nāmaA bed:: 2.1.8cattāro mañcā—there are four kinds of beds:2.1.9masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako, āhaccapādako.one with legs and frame, called masāraka; one with legs and frame, called bundikābaddha; one with crooked legs; one with detachable legs.²
2.1.10Pīṭhaṁ nāmaA bench:: 2.1.11cattāri pīṭhāni— masārakaṁ, bundikābaddhaṁ, kuḷīrapādakaṁ, āhaccapādakaṁ.there are four kinds of benches: one with legs and frame, called masāraka; one with legs and frame, called bundikābaddha; one with crooked legs; one with detachable legs.
2.1.12Bhisi nāmaA mattress:: 2.1.13pañca bhisiyo— uṇṇabhisi, coḷabhisi, vākabhisi, tiṇabhisi, paṇṇabhisi.there are five kinds of mattresses: a mattress stuffed with wool, a mattress stuffed with cloth, a mattress stuffed with bark, a mattress stuffed with grass, a mattress stuffed with leaves.
2.1.14Kocchaṁ nāma—A stool:: 2.1.15vākamayaṁ vā usīramayaṁ vā muñjamayaṁ vā pabbajamayaṁ vā anto saṁveṭhetvā baddhaṁ hoti.one made of bark, one made of vetiver grass, one made of reed. It is upholstered and then bound together.³
2.1.16SantharitvātiPuts it:: 2.1.17sayaṁ santharitvā.puts it oneself.
2.1.18SantharāpetvātiHas it put:: 2.1.19aññaṁ santharāpetvā.gets another to put it.2.1.20Anupasampannaṁ santharāpeti, tassa palibodho.If he gets one who is not fully ordained to put it, it is the responsibility of the monk.2.1.21Upasampannaṁ santharāpeti, santhārakassa palibodho.If he gets one who is fully ordained to put it, it is the responsibility of the one who puts it.
2.1.22Taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyyātiDeparts without putting it away:: 2.1.23na sayaṁ uddhareyya.he does not put it away himself.
2.1.24Na uddharāpeyyātiHaving it put away:: 2.1.25na aññaṁ uddharāpeyya.he does not get another to put it away.
2.1.26Anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyyātiOr informing anyone:: 2.1.27bhikkhuṁ vā sāmaṇeraṁ vā ārāmikaṁ vā anāpucchā majjhimassa purisassa leḍḍupātaṁ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.if he does not inform a monk, a novice monk, or a monastery worker, then when he goes beyond the distance of a stone’s throw of an average man, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Saṅghike saṅghikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it belongs to the Sangha, and he perceives it as such, and he puts it out in the open or has it put out in the open, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.⁴2.2.2Saṅghike vematiko …pe…If it belongs to the Sangha, but he is unsure of it …2.2.3saṅghike puggalikasaññī ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it belongs to the Sangha, but he perceives it as belonging to an individual, and he puts it out in the open or has it put out in the open, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.4Cimilikaṁ vā uttarattharaṇaṁ vā bhūmattharaṇaṁ vā taṭṭikaṁ vā cammakhaṇḍaṁ vā pādapuñchaniṁ vā phalakapīṭhaṁ vā ajjhokāse santharitvā vā santharāpetvā vā taṁ pakkamanto neva uddhareyya na uddharāpeyya, anāpucchaṁ vā gaccheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is a mat underlay, a bedspread, a floor cover, a straw mat, a hide, a foot-wiping cloth, or a plank bench, and he puts it out in the open or has it put out in the open, and he then departs without putting it away or having it put away or informing anyone, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.⁵

2.2.5Puggalike saṅghikasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it belongs to an individual, but he perceives it as belonging to the Sangha, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Puggalike vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it belongs to an individual, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.7Puggalike puggalikasaññī aññassa puggalike, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it belongs to an individual, and he perceives it as such, but that individual is not himself, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.8Attano puggalike anāpatti.If it belongs to himself, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2uddharitvā gacchati,if he departs after putting it away;2.3.3uddharāpetvā gacchati,if he departs after having it put away;2.3.4āpucchaṁ gacchati,if he departs after informing someone;2.3.5otāpento gacchati,if he departs while he is sunning it;2.3.6kenaci palibuddhaṁ hoti,if the furniture is obstructed;⁶2.3.7āpadāsu,if there is an emergency;⁷2.3.8ummattakassa,if he is insane;2.3.9ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.3.10Senāsanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.The training rule on leaving furniture outside, the fourth, is finished.

14. Leaving furniture outside