0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
0.4BhojanavaggaThe subchapter on eating

0.534. KāṇamātusikkhāpadaAccepting more than three bowlfuls

1.1.0Origin story

1.1.1PTS 4.79Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.1.1.2Tena kho pana samayena kāṇamātā upāsikā saddhā hoti pasannā.At that time there was a female lay follower Kāṇamātā who had faith and confidence.1.1.3Kāṇā gāmake aññatarassa purisassa dinnā hoti.She had a daughter, Kāṇā, who had been given in marriage to a man in a certain village.

1.1.4Atha kho kāṇā mātugharaṁ agamāsi kenacideva karaṇīyena.On one occasion Kāṇā went to her mother’s house on some business.1.1.5Atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—“āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgatan”ti.Kāṇā’s husband sent her a message: “Please come, Kāṇā, I want you back.”1.1.6Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā “kismiṁ viya rittahatthaṁ gantun”ti pūvaṁ paci.Kāṇamātā thought, “It’s shameful to go empty-handed,” and she baked some cookies.1.1.7Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṁ pāvisi. Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṁ dāpesi.Just when the cookies were finished, an alms-collecting monk entered Kāṇamātā’s house, and she gave him some.1.1.8So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.After leaving, he told another monk, and he too was given cookies.1.1.9So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.And the same happened a third time.1.1.10Yathāpaṭiyattaṁ pūvaṁ parikkhayaṁ agamāsi.At that, all the cookies were gone.

1.1.11Dutiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—“āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgatan”ti.A second time Kāṇā’s husband sent her the same message, and everything unfolded as before.1.1.12Dutiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā “kismiṁ viya rittahatthaṁ gantun”ti pūvaṁ paci.1.1.13Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṁ pāvisi.1.1.14Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.15So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.16So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.17Yathāpaṭiyattaṁ pūvaṁ parikkhayaṁ agamāsi.

1.1.18Tatiyampi kho kāṇāya sāmiko kāṇāya santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—“āgacchatu kāṇā, icchāmi kāṇāya āgataṁ.A third time he sent the same message,1.1.19Sace kāṇā nāgacchissati, ahaṁ aññaṁ pajāpatiṁ ānessāmī”ti.adding, “If Kāṇā doesn’t come, I’ll find another wife.”1.1.20Tatiyampi kho kāṇamātā upāsikā kismiṁ viya rittahatthaṁ gantunti pūvaṁ paci.But once again all the cookies were given to monks.1.1.21Pakke pūve aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṁ pāvisi.1.1.22Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā tassa bhikkhuno pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.23So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.24So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi pūvaṁ dāpesi.1.1.25Yathāpaṭiyattaṁ pūvaṁ parikkhayaṁ agamāsi.1.1.26Atha kho kāṇāya sāmiko aññaṁ pajāpatiṁ ānesi.Kāṇā’s husband found another wife,1.1.27Assosi kho kāṇā—“tena kira purisena aññā pajāpati ānītā”ti. Sā rodantī aṭṭhāsi.and when Kāṇā heard what had happened, she cried.

1.1.28Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena kāṇamātāya upāsikāya nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.Soon afterwards, after robing up in the morning, the Buddha took his bowl and robe and went to Kāṇamātā’s house where he sat down on the prepared seat.1.1.29Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Kāṇamātā approached the Buddha, bowed, and sat down.1.1.30Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho kāṇamātaraṁ upāsikaṁ bhagavā etadavoca—“kissāyaṁ kāṇā rodatī”ti? Atha kho kāṇamātā upāsikā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.The Buddha asked her why Kāṇā was crying, and she told him what had happened.1.1.31Atha kho bhagavā kāṇamātaraṁ upāsikaṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṁsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.After instructing, inspiring, and gladdening her with a teaching, the Buddha got up from his seat and left.

1.2.1PTS 4.80Tena kho pana samayena aññataro sattho rājagahā paṭiyālokaṁ gantukāmo hoti.Soon afterwards a certain caravan was ready to go south from Rājagaha.1.2.2Aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu taṁ satthaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.An alms-collecting monk went up to that caravan to get almsfood,1.2.3Aññataro upāsako tassa bhikkhuno sattuṁ dāpesi.and a lay follower gave him flour products.¹1.2.4So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi sattuṁ dāpesi.After leaving, that monk told another monk, and he too was given flour products.1.2.5So nikkhamitvā aññassa ācikkhi. Tassapi sattuṁ dāpesi.And the same happened a third time.1.2.6Yathāpaṭiyattaṁ pātheyyaṁ parikkhayaṁ agamāsi.At that, all his provisions were gone.

1.2.7Atha kho so upāsako te manusse etadavoca—That lay follower said to the other people in the caravan,1.2.8“ajjaṇho, ayyā, āgametha, yathāpaṭiyattaṁ pātheyyaṁ ayyānaṁ dinnaṁ.“Sirs, please wait one day. I’ve given my provisions to the monks.1.2.9Pātheyyaṁ paṭiyādessāmī”ti.I need to prepare more.”

1.2.10“Nāyyo sakkā āgametuṁ, payāto sattho”ti agamaṁsu.“We can’t wait. The caravan is already on its way.” And they left.

1.2.11Atha kho tassa upāsakassa pātheyyaṁ paṭiyādetvā pacchā gacchantassa corā acchindiṁsu.After preparing provisions, that lay follower followed after the caravan, but he was robbed by thieves.1.2.12Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—People complained and criticized them,1.2.13“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṁ jānitvā paṭiggahessanti.“How can the Sakyan monastics receive without moderation?1.2.14Ayaṁ imesaṁ datvā pacchā gacchanto corehi acchinno”ti.This man gave to them, and then because he was following after the caravan he was robbed by thieves.”

1.2.15Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the complaints of those people1.2.16Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.and they told the Buddha.1.2.17Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:1.2.18“tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca—“Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the following ten reasons:1.2.19saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya …pe… vinayānuggahāya.for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha, for the restraint of bad people, for the ease of good monks, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to the present life, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to future lives, to give rise to confidence in those without it, to increase the confidence of those who have it, for the longevity of the true Teaching, and for supporting the training.1.2.20Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.2.21.0Final ruling

1.2.21.1“Bhikkhuṁ paneva kulaṁ upagataṁ pūvehi vā manthehi vā abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavāreyya, ākaṅkhamānena bhikkhunā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā tato ce uttari paṭiggaṇheyya pācittiyaṁ.‘If a monk goes to a family and is invited to take cookies or crackers, he may accept two or three bowlfuls if he wishes. If he accepts more than that, he commits an offense entailing confession.1.2.22Dvattipattapūre paṭiggahetvā tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ saṁvibhajitabbaṁ. Ayaṁ tattha sāmīcī”ti.If he accepts two or three bowlfuls, he should take it away and share it with the monks. This is the proper procedure.’”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Bhikkhuṁ paneva kulaṁ upagatantiA monk goes to a family:: 2.1.2kulaṁ nāma cattāri kulāni—khattiyakulaṁ, brāhmaṇakulaṁ, vessakulaṁ, suddakulaṁ.a family: there are four kinds of families: the aristocratic family, the brahmin family, the merchant family, the worker family.
2.1.3UpagatantiGoes to:: 2.1.4tattha gataṁ.he has gone there.
2.1.5Pūvaṁ nāmaCookies:: 2.1.6yaṁ kiñci paheṇakatthāya paṭiyattaṁ.whatever has been prepared for the purpose of sending away.²
2.1.7Manthaṁ nāmaCrackers:: 2.1.8yaṁ kiñci pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṁ.whatever has been prepared as provisions for a journey.³
2.1.9Abhihaṭṭhuṁ pavāreyyātiIs invited to take:: 2.1.10yāvatakaṁ icchasi tāvatakaṁ gaṇhāhīti.“Take as much as you like.”
2.1.11ĀkaṅkhamānenātiIf he wishes:: 2.1.12icchamānena.if he desires.
2.1.13Dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahetabbātiHe may accept two or three bowlfuls:: 2.1.14dvetayo pattapūrā paṭiggahetabbā.two or three bowlfuls can be accepted.
2.1.15Tato ce uttari paṭigaṇheyyātiIf he accepts more than that:: 2.1.16tatuttari paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.when he accepts more than that, he commits an offense entailing confession.
2.1.17Dvattipattapūre paṭiggahetvāIf he accepts two or three bowlfuls:: 2.1.18tato nikkhamantena bhikkhuṁ passitvā ācikkhitabbaṁ—“amutra mayā dvattipattapūrā paṭiggahitā, mā kho tattha paṭiggaṇhī”ti.leaving that place and seeing a monk, he should tell him, “I’ve accepted two or three bowlfuls from such-and-such a place; don’t accept anything from there.”2.1.19Sace passitvā na ācikkhati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If he sees a monk, but does not tell him, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.1.20Sace ācikkhite paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the one who is told accepts from there regardless, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.⁴
2.1.21PTS 4.81Tato nīharitvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ saṁvibhajitabbantiHe should take it away and share it with the monks:: 2.1.22paṭikkamanaṁ nīharitvā saṁvibhajitabbaṁ.he should take it away when returning from almsround and then share it.
2.1.23Ayaṁ tattha sāmīcītiThis is the proper procedure:: 2.1.24ayaṁ tattha anudhammatā.this is the right method.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Atirekadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, and he perceives it as more, and he accepts it, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.2Atirekadvattipattapūre vematiko paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, but he is unsure of it, and he accepts it, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.3Atirekadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it is more than two or three bowlfuls, but he perceives it as less, and he accepts it, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.4Ūnakadvattipattapūre atirekasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.5Ūnakadvattipattapūre vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Ūnakadvattipattapūre ūnakasaññī, anāpatti.If it is less than two or three bowlfuls, and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2dvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti,if he accepts two or three bowlfuls;2.3.3ūnakadvattipattapūre paṭiggaṇhāti,if he accepts less than two or three bowlfuls;2.3.4na paheṇakatthāya na pātheyyatthāya paṭiyattaṁ denti,if they give anything that has not been prepared for sending away or as provisions for a journey;2.3.5paheṇakatthāya vā pātheyyatthāya vā paṭiyattasesakaṁ denti,if they give the leftovers from what was prepared for sending away or as provisions for a journey;2.3.6gamane paṭippassaddhe denti,if they give after the plans to travel have been canceled;2.3.7ñātakānaṁ,if it is from relatives;2.3.8pavāritānaṁ,if it is from those who have given an invitation;2.3.9aññassatthāya,if it is for the benefit of someone else;2.3.10attano dhanena,if it is by means of his own property;2.3.11ummattakassa,if he is insane;2.3.12ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.3.13Kāṇamātusikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.The training rule on accepting more than three bowlfuls, the fourth, is finished.

34. Accepting more than three bowlfuls