0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
0.4SurāpānavaggaThe subchapter on drinking alcohol

0.558. DubbaṇṇakaraṇasikkhāpadaNot making stains on a new robe

1.0Origin story

1.1PTS 4.120Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,1.2Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ca paribbājakā ca sāketā sāvatthiṁ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Antarāmagge corā nikkhamitvā te acchindiṁsu.a number of monks and wanderers were robbed while traveling from Sāketa to Sāvatthī.1.3Sāvatthiyā rājabhaṭā nikkhamitvā te core sabhaṇḍe gahetvā bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesuṁ—The king’s men set out from Sāvatthī and caught the thieves and their loot. They then sent a message to the monks:1.4“āgacchantu, bhadantā, sakaṁ sakaṁ cīvaraṁ sañjānitvā gaṇhantū”ti.“Venerables, please come and pick out your own robes.”1.5Bhikkhū na sañjānanti.But the monks did not recognize them.1.6Te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—The people complained and criticized them,1.7“kathañhi nāma bhadantā attano attano cīvaraṁ na sañjānissantī”ti.“How can they not recognize their own robes?”

1.8Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the complaints of those people,1.9Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.and they told the Buddha.1.10Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhūnaṁ tadanucchavikaṁ tadanulomikaṁ dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—He had the Sangha gathered, gave a teaching on what is right and proper, and then addressed the monks:1.11“tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca—“Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the following ten reasons:1.12saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya …pe…for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha, for the restraint of bad people, for the ease of good monks, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to the present life, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to future lives, to give rise to confidence in those without it, to increase the confidence of those who have it,1.13saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya.for the longevity of the true Teaching, and for supporting the training.1.14Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.15.0Final ruling

1.15.1“Navaṁ pana bhikkhunā cīvaralābhena tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ ādātabbaṁ—nīlaṁ vā kaddamaṁ vā kāḷasāmaṁ vā. Anādā ce bhikkhu tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ navaṁ cīvaraṁ paribhuñjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.‘When a monk gets a new robe, he should apply one of three kinds of stains: blue-green, mud-color, or dark brown. If a monk uses a new robe without applying any of the three kinds of stains, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Navaṁ nāmaNew:: 2.1.2akatakappaṁ vuccati.a mark has not been made is what is meant.
2.1.3Cīvaraṁ nāmaA robe:: 2.1.4channaṁ cīvarānaṁ aññataraṁ cīvaraṁ.one of the six kinds of robes.¹
2.1.5Tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ ādātabbantiHe should apply one of three kinds of stains:: 2.1.6antamaso kusaggenapi ādātabbaṁ.even if he just applies what fits on the tip of a blade of grass.
2.1.7Nīlaṁ nāmaBlue-green:: 2.1.8dve nīlāni— kaṁsanīlaṁ, palāsanīlaṁ.there are two kinds of blue-green: the color of copper sulfate and the color of leaves.
2.1.9Kaddamo nāmaMud-color:: 2.1.10odako vuccati.watery is what is meant.²
2.1.11Kāḷasāmaṁ nāmaDark brown:: 2.1.12yaṁ kiñci kāḷasāmakaṁ.whatever is dark brownish.
2.1.13Anādā ce bhikkhu tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇantiIf a monk … without applying any of the three kinds of stains:: 2.1.14PTS 4.121antamaso kusaggenapi anādiyitvā tiṇṇaṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇānaṁ aññataraṁ dubbaṇṇakaraṇaṁ navaṁ cīvaraṁ paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he uses a new robe without first applying one of the three kinds of stains, even just the amount on the tip of a blade of grass, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Anādinne anādinnasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it has not been applied, and he perceives that it has not, and he uses the robe, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.2Anādinne vematiko paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it has not been applied, but he is unsure of it, and he uses the robe, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.3Anādinne ādinnasaññī paribhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it has not been applied, but he perceives that it has, and he uses the robe, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.4Ādinne anādinnasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it has been applied, but he perceives that it has not, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.5Ādinne vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it has been applied, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Ādinne ādinnasaññī, anāpatti.If it has been applied, and he perceives that it has, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2ādiyitvā paribhuñjati,if he applies the stain and then uses it; 2.3.3kappo naṭṭho hoti,if the mark has disappeared; 2.3.4kappakatokāso jiṇṇo hoti,if the area where the mark was applied is worn; 2.3.5kappakatena akappakataṁ saṁsibbitaṁ hoti,if what had been marked is sewn together with what has not been marked; 2.3.6aggaḷe,if it is a patch; 2.3.7anuvāte,if it is a lengthwise border;³ 2.3.8paribhaṇḍe,if it is a crosswise border; 2.3.9ummattakassa,if he is insane; 2.3.10ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.3.11Dubbaṇṇakaraṇasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.The training rule on not making stains on a new robe, the eighth, is finished.

58. Not making stains on a new robe