0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PāṭidesanīyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing acknowledgment

0.44. CatutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadaReceiving food in a dangerous place

1.0.1Origin story

1.0.2First substory

1.1Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme.At one time when the Buddha was staying in the Sakyan country in the Banyan Tree Monastery at Kapilavatthu,1.2Tena kho pana samayena sākiyadāsakā avaruddhā honti.the slaves of the Sakyans were rebelling.1.3Sākiyāniyo icchanti āraññakesu senāsanesu bhattaṁ kātuṁ.The Sakyan women wished to prepare a meal at the wilderness dwellings,1.4Assosuṁ kho sākiyadāsakā—but the slaves heard about this1.5“sākiyāniyo kira āraññakesu senāsanesu bhattaṁ kattukāmā”ti.1.6Te magge pariyuṭṭhiṁsu.and besieged the path.1.7PTS 4.182Sākiyāniyo paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ ādāya āraññakaṁ senāsanaṁ agamaṁsu.When the Sakyan women took various kinds of fine foods and set out for a wilderness dwelling,1.8Sākiyadāsakā nikkhamitvā sākiyāniyo acchindiṁsu ca dūsesuñca.the slaves emerged, and they robbed and raped those Sakyan women.1.9Sākiyā nikkhamitvā te core sabhaṇḍe gahetvā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—Soon afterwards the Sakyan men came out, and they got hold of those criminals together with their loot. They then complained and criticized the monks,1.10“kathañhi nāma bhadantā ārāme core paṭivasante nārocessantī”ti.“How could they not inform us that there are criminals staying near the monastery?”

1.11Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū sākiyānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the complaints of the Sakyans1.12Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.and they told the Buddha.1.13Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:1.14“tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca saṅghasuṭṭhutāya …pe…“Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the following ten reasons: for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha, for the restraint of bad people, for the ease of good monks, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to the present life, for the restraint of the corruptions relating to future lives, to give rise to confidence in those without it, to increase the confidence of those who have it, for the longevity of the true Teaching, and for supporting the training.1.15evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.16.0Preliminary ruling

1.16.1“Yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsaṅkasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni, yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṁviditaṁ khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṁ tena bhikkhunā—‘There are wilderness dwellings that are considered risky and dangerous. If a monk, without first making an announcement about those dwellings, eats fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it inside that monastery, he must acknowledge it:1.17‘gārayhaṁ, āvuso, dhammaṁ āpajjiṁ asappāyaṁ pāṭidesanīyaṁ taṁ paṭidesemī’”ti.“I have done a blameworthy and unsuitable thing that is to be acknowledged. I acknowledge it.”’”

1.18Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

2.0Second substory

2.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āraññakesu senāsanesu gilāno hoti.Soon afterwards a monk in a wilderness dwelling was sick.2.2Manussā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ādāya āraññakaṁ senāsanaṁ agamaṁsu.People took fresh and cooked food and went to that wilderness dwelling,2.3Atha kho te manussā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ—and they invited that monk to eat.2.4“bhuñjatha, bhante”ti.2.5Atha kho so bhikkhu—2.6“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ āraññakesu senāsanesu khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādituṁ bhuñjitun”ti kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggahesi, nāsakkhi piṇḍāya carituṁ, chinnabhatto ahosi.But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited the eating of fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it at a wilderness dwelling, and being afraid of wrongdoing, he did not accept it. And being unable to walk for alms, he missed his meal.

2.7Atha kho so bhikkhu bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.He then told the monks what had happened,2.8Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.and they in turn told the Buddha.2.9Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

2.10“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā āraññakesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṁviditaṁ khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā sahatthā paṭiggahetvā khādituṁ bhuñjituṁ.“Monks, I allow a sick monk, without first making an announcement, to eat fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it at a wilderness dwelling.

2.11Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

2.12.0Final ruling

2.12.1PTS 4.183“Yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanāni sāsaṅkasammatāni sappaṭibhayāni, yo pana bhikkhu tathārūpesu senāsanesu pubbe appaṭisaṁviditaṁ khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, paṭidesetabbaṁ tena bhikkhunā—‘There are wilderness dwellings that are considered risky and dangerous. If a monk who is not sick, without first making an announcement about those dwellings, eats fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it inside that monastery, he must acknowledge it:¹2.13‘gārayhaṁ, āvuso, dhammaṁ āpajjiṁ asappāyaṁ pāṭidesanīyaṁ, taṁ paṭidesemī’”ti.“I have done a blameworthy and unsuitable thing that is to be acknowledged. I acknowledge it.”’”

3.1.0Definitions

3.1.1Yāni kho pana tāni āraññakāni senāsanānītiThere are wilderness dwellings:: 3.1.2āraññakaṁ nāma senāsanaṁ pañcadhanusatikaṁ pacchimaṁ.a wilderness dwelling: if it is at least 800 meters away from any inhabited area.²
3.1.3Sāsaṅkaṁ nāmaRisky:: 3.1.4ārāme ārāmūpacāre corānaṁ niviṭṭhokāso dissati, bhuttokāso dissati, ṭhitokāso dissati, nisinnokāso dissati, nipannokāso dissati.in the monastery, or in the vicinity of the monastery, criminals have been seen camping, eating, standing, sitting, or lying down.
3.1.5Sappaṭibhayaṁ nāmaDangerous:: 3.1.6ārāme ārāmūpacāre corehi manussā hatā dissanti, viluttā dissanti, ākoṭitā dissanti.in the monastery, or in the vicinity of the monastery, criminals have been seen injuring, robbing, or beating people.
3.1.7Yo panātiA:: 3.1.8yo yādiso …pe…whoever …
3.1.9bhikkhūtiMonk:: 3.1.10…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
3.1.11Tathārūpesu senāsanesūtiAbout those dwellings:: 3.1.12evarūpesu senāsanesu.about such kinds of dwellings.
3.1.13Appaṭisaṁviditaṁ nāmaWithout making an announcement:: 3.1.14pañcannaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ, etaṁ appaṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.if an announcement is made to any of one’s five co-monastics, this is called “without making an announcement”.³3.1.15Ārāmaṁ ārāmūpacāraṁ ṭhapetvā paṭisaṁviditaṁ, etaṁ appaṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.If an announcement is made about anything apart from the monastery or its vicinity, this is called “without making an announcement”.⁴
3.1.16Paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāmaMaking an announcement:: 3.1.17yo koci itthī vā puriso vā ārāmaṁ ārāmūpacāraṁ āgantvā āroceti— “itthannāmassa, bhante, khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā āharissantī”ti. Sace sāsaṅkaṁ hoti, sāsaṅkanti ācikkhitabbaṁ; sace sappaṭibhayaṁ hoti, sappaṭibhayanti ācikkhitabbaṁ;if a woman or a man comes to the monastery or the vicinity of the monastery and says, “Venerable, people will be bringing so-and-so’s fresh or cooked food,” then, if it is risky, this should be declared, and if it is dangerous, that should be declared.⁵3.1.18sace— “hotu, bhante, āhariyissatī”ti bhaṇati, corā vattabbā— “manussā idhūpacaranti apasakkathā”ti.If the person says, “Never mind, it will be brought,” then the criminals are to be told, “People are coming here; go away.”3.1.19Yāguyā paṭisaṁvidite tassā parivāro āhariyyati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to congee, and accompanying food is brought, this is called “announced”.3.1.20Bhattena paṭisaṁvidite tassa parivāro āhariyyati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to rice, and accompanying food is brought, this is called “announced”.3.1.21Khādanīyena paṭisaṁvidite tassa parivāro āhariyyati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to fresh food, and accompanying food is brought, this is called “announced”.3.1.22Kulena paṭisaṁvidite yo tasmiṁ kule manusso khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā āharati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to a particular family, then when any person from that family brings fresh or cooked food, this is called “announced”.3.1.23Gāmena paṭisaṁvidite yo tasmiṁ gāme manusso khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā āharati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to a particular village, then when any person from that village brings fresh or cooked food, this is called “announced”.3.1.24Pūgena paṭisaṁvidite yo tasmiṁ pūge manusso khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā āharati, etaṁ paṭisaṁviditaṁ nāma.When an announcement has been made in regard to a particular association, then when any person from that association brings fresh or cooked food, this is called “announced”.
3.1.25Khādanīyaṁ nāmaFresh food:: 3.1.26pañca bhojanāni yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.apart from the five cooked foods, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics, the rest is called “fresh food”.
3.1.27Bhojanīyaṁ nāmaCooked food:: 3.1.28pañca bhojanāni—odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.
3.1.29Ajjhārāmo nāmaInside that monastery:: 3.1.30parikkhittassa ārāmassa antoārāmo.if the monastery is enclosed, then within the enclosure.3.1.31Aparikkhittassa upacāro.If the monastery is unenclosed, then in the vicinity.
3.1.32Agilāno nāmaWho is not sick:: 3.1.33sakkoti piṇḍāya carituṁ.who is able to walk for alms.
3.1.34Gilāno nāmaWho is sick:: 3.1.35na sakkoti piṇḍāya carituṁ.who is unable to walk for alms.

3.1.36PTS 4.184Appaṭisaṁviditaṁ agilāno “khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If, without making an announcement, one who is not sick receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.3.1.37Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.For every mouthful swallowed, he commits an offense entailing acknowledgment.

3.1.38.0Permutations

3.1.38.1Appaṭisaṁvidite appaṭisaṁviditasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.If there has been no announcement, and he does not perceive that there has, and he, not being sick, eats fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it inside that monastery, then he commits an offense entailing acknowledgment.3.1.39Appaṭisaṁvidite vematiko khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.If there has been no announcement, but he is unsure of it, and he, not being sick, eats fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it inside that monastery, then he commits an offense entailing acknowledgment.3.1.40Appaṭisaṁvidite paṭisaṁviditasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā ajjhārāme sahatthā paṭiggahetvā agilāno khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pāṭidesanīyassa.If there has been no announcement, but he perceives that there has, and he, not being sick, eats fresh or cooked food after personally receiving it inside that monastery, then he commits an offense entailing acknowledgment.

3.1.41Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If he receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.3.1.42Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa.For every mouthful swallowed, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.3.1.43Paṭisaṁvidite appaṭisaṁviditasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If there has been an announcement, but he does not perceive that there has, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.3.1.44Paṭisaṁvidite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If there has been an announcement, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.3.1.45Paṭisaṁvidite paṭisaṁviditasaññī, anāpatti.If there has been an announcement, and he perceives that there has, there is no offense.

3.2.0Non-offenses

3.2.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:3.2.2paṭisaṁvidite,if there has been an announcement; 3.2.3gilānassa,if he is sick; 3.2.4paṭisaṁvidite vā gilānassa vā sesakaṁ bhuñjati,if he eats the leftovers from where there has been an announcement or from one who is sick; 3.2.5bahārāme paṭiggahetvā antoārāme bhuñjati,if he receives the food outside the monastery and then eats it inside; 3.2.6tattha jātakaṁ mūlaṁ vā tacaṁ vā pattaṁ vā pupphaṁ vā phalaṁ vā bhuñjati,if he eats a root, bark, a leaf, a flower, or a fruit originating in that monastery; 3.2.7yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati,if, when there is a reason, he uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics; 3.2.8ummattakassa,if he is insane; 3.2.9ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

3.2.10Catutthapāṭidesanīyasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.The fourth training rule on receiving food in a dangerous place is finished.

3.2.11Uddiṭṭhā kho, āyasmanto, cattāro pāṭidesanīyā dhammā.“Venerables, the four rules on acknowledgment have been recited.3.2.12Tatthāyasmante pucchāmi—In regard to this I ask you,3.2.13“kaccittha parisuddhā”?‘Are you pure in this?’3.2.14Dutiyampi pucchāmi—A second time I ask,3.2.15“kaccittha parisuddhā”?‘Are you pure in this?’3.2.16Tatiyampi pucchāmi—A third time I ask,3.2.17“kaccittha parisuddhā”?‘Are you pure in this?’3.2.18Parisuddhetthāyasmanto, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmīti.You are pure in this and therefore silent. I will remember it thus.”

3.2.19Pāṭidesanīyakaṇḍaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.The chapter on offenses entailing acknowledgment is finished.

4. Receiving food in a dangerous place