Bu Pj 339 min read

3. The training rule on killing a human being

Manussaviggaha

A monk who kills a human being is expelled. The origin narrative to this rule includes an unusual and much debated story about a number of monks who meditate on the unattractiveness of the body. As a result they end up committing suicide and asking others to kill them. The Buddha then teaches the meditation on mindfulness of breathing.

Translated by Bhikkhu Brahmali · Pāli: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka · Public domain (CC0) via SuttaCentral

0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PārājikakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing expulsion

0.43. TatiyapārājikasikkhāpadaThe training rule on killing a human being

1.1.0.1Origin story

1.1.0.2First substory

1.1.1PTS 3.68Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ.At one time the Buddha was staying in the house with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī.1.1.2Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ anekapariyāyena asubhakathaṁ katheti, asubhāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, asubhabhāvanāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa asubhasamāpattiyā vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati.At that time the Buddha spoke to the monks in many ways about unattractiveness—he spoke in praise of unattractiveness, of developing the mind in unattractiveness, and of the attainment of unattractiveness.

1.1.3Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—The Buddha then addressed the monks:1.1.4“icchāmahaṁ, bhikkhave, addhamāsaṁ paṭisallīyituṁ.“Monks, I wish to go into solitary retreat for half a month.1.1.5Namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakenā”ti.No one should visit me except the one who brings me almsfood.”

1.1.6“Evaṁ, bhante”ti, kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā nāssudha koci bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamati, aññatra ekena piṇḍapātanīhārakena.“Yes, venerable sir.”

1.1.7Bhikkhū—“bhagavā kho anekapariyāyena asubhakathaṁ katheti, asubhāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, asubhabhāvanāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa asubhasamāpattiyā vaṇṇaṁ bhāsatī”ti,Soon afterwards the monks reflected that the Buddha had praised unattractiveness in many ways,1.1.8te anekākāravokāraṁ asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti.and they devoted themselves to developing the mind in unattractiveness in its many different facets.1.1.9Te sakena kāyena aṭṭīyanti harāyanti jigucchanti.As a consequence, they became troubled by their own bodies, ashamed of and disgusted with them.1.1.10Seyyathāpi nāma itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko sīsaṁnhāto ahikuṇapena vā kukkurakuṇapena vā manussakuṇapena vā kaṇṭhe āsattena aṭṭīyeyya harāyeyya jiguccheyya;Just as a young woman or man—someone fond of adornments, with freshly washed hair—would be ashamed, humiliated, and disgusted if the carcass of a snake, dog, or man was hung around her neck,1.1.11evameva te bhikkhū sakena kāyena aṭṭīyantā harāyantā jigucchantājust so those monks were troubled by their own bodies.1.1.12attanāpi attānaṁ jīvitā voropenti, aññamaññampi jīvitā voropenti,They took their own lives, took the lives of one another,1.1.13migalaṇḍikampi samaṇakuttakaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadanti—and they went to Migalaṇḍika, the monastic lookalike, and said,1.1.14“sādhu no, āvuso, jīvitā voropehi.“Please kill us.1.1.15Idaṁ te pattacīvaraṁ bhavissatī”ti.You will get our bowl and robes.”1.1.16Atha kho migalaṇḍiko samaṇakuttako pattacīvarehi bhaṭo sambahule bhikkhū jīvitā voropetvā lohitakaṁ asiṁ ādāya yena vaggumudā nadī tenupasaṅkami.And hired for a bowl and robes, Migalaṇḍika killed a number of monks. He then took his blood-stained knife to the river Vaggumudā.

1.1.17PTS 3.69Atha kho migalaṇḍikassa samaṇakuttakassa lohitakaṁ taṁ asiṁ dhovantassa ahudeva kukkuccaṁ ahu vippaṭisāro—While washing it, he became anxious and remorseful, thinking,1.1.18“alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṁ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṁ.“What the heck have I done?1.1.19Bahuṁ vata mayā apuññaṁ pasutaṁ, yohaṁ bhikkhū sīlavante kalyāṇadhamme jīvitā voropesin”ti.I’ve made so much demerit by killing good monks.”

1.1.20Atha kho aññatarā mārakāyikā devatā abhijjamāne udake āgantvā migalaṇḍikaṁ samaṇakuttakaṁ etadavoca—Then a god from the realm of the Lord of Death, coming across the water, said to Migalaṇḍika,1.1.21“sādhu sādhu, sappurisa, lābhā te, sappurisa, suladdhaṁ te, sappurisa.“Well done, superior man, you’re truly fortunate.1.1.22Bahuṁ tayā, sappurisa, puññaṁ pasutaṁ, yaṁ tvaṁ atiṇṇe tāresī”ti.You’ve made much merit by helping across those who hadn’t yet crossed.”

1.1.23Atha kho migalaṇḍiko samaṇakuttako—Migalaṇḍika thought,1.1.24“lābhā kira me, suladdhaṁ kira me, bahuṁ kira mayā puññaṁ pasutaṁ, atiṇṇe kirāhaṁ tāremī”ti,“So it seems that I’m fortunate, that I’ve made much merit!”1.1.25tiṇhaṁ asiṁ ādāya vihārena vihāraṁ pariveṇena pariveṇaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadeti—He then went from dwelling to dwelling, from yard to yard, and said,¹1.1.26“ko atiṇṇo, kaṁ tāremī”ti?“Who hasn’t crossed yet? Who can I help across?”1.1.27Tattha ye te bhikkhū avītarāgā tesaṁ tasmiṁ samaye hotiyeva bhayaṁ hoti chambhitattaṁ hoti lomahaṁso.The monks who still had worldly attachments became fearful and terrified, with goosebumps all over.1.1.28Ye pana te bhikkhū vītarāgā tesaṁ tasmiṁ samaye na hoti bhayaṁ na hoti chambhitattaṁ na hoti lomahaṁso.Only those who were free from worldly attachments were unaffected.

1.1.29Atha kho migalaṇḍiko samaṇakuttako ekampi bhikkhuṁ ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, dvepi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, tayopi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, cattāropi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, pañcapi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, dasapi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, vīsampi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, tiṁsampi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, cattālīsampi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, paññāsampi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi, saṭṭhimpi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi.Then, on a single day, Migalaṇḍika killed one monk, two monks, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, even sixty monks.

1.2.1Atha kho bhagavā tassa addhamāsassa accayena paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi—At the end of that half-month, when the Buddha came out of seclusion, he said to Venerable Ānanda,1.2.2“kiṁ nu kho, ānanda, tanubhūto viya bhikkhusaṅgho”ti?“Ānanda, why is the Sangha of monks so reduced?”

1.2.3PTS 3.70“Tathā hi pana, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ anekapariyāyena asubhakathaṁ katheti, asubhāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, asubhabhāvanāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa asubhasamāpattiyā vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati.Ānanda told him what had happened,1.2.4Te ca, bhante, bhikkhū— ‘bhagavā kho anekapariyāyena asubhakathaṁ katheti, asubhāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, asubhabhāvanāya vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, ādissa ādissa asubhasamāpattiyā vaṇṇaṁ bhāsatī’ti, te anekākāravokāraṁ asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti.1.2.5Te sakena kāyena aṭṭīyanti harāyanti jigucchanti.1.2.6Seyyathāpi nāma itthī vā puriso vā daharo yuvā maṇḍanakajātiko sīsaṁnhāto ahikuṇapena vā kukkurakuṇapena vā manussakuṇapena vā kaṇṭhe āsattena aṭṭīyeyya harāyeyya jiguccheyya;1.2.7evameva te bhikkhū sakena kāyena aṭṭīyantā harāyantā jigucchantā 1.2.8attanāpi attānaṁ jīvitā voropenti, aññamaññampi jīvitā voropenti, 1.2.9migalaṇḍikampi samaṇakuttakaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadanti—1.2.10‘sādhu no, āvuso, jīvitā voropehi.1.2.11Idaṁ te pattacīvaraṁ bhavissatī’ti.1.2.12Atha kho, bhante, migalaṇḍiko samaṇakuttako pattacīvarehi bhaṭo ekampi bhikkhuṁ ekāhena jīvitā voropesi …pe… saṭṭhimpi bhikkhū ekāhena jīvitā voropesi.1.2.13Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā aññaṁ pariyāyaṁ ācikkhatu yathāyaṁ bhikkhusaṅgho aññāya saṇṭhaheyyā”ti.adding, “Please give another instruction, sir, for the Sangha of monks to become established in perfect insight.”

1.2.14“Tenahānanda, yāvatikā bhikkhū vesāliṁ upanissāya viharanti te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṁ sannipātehī”ti.“Well then, Ānanda, bring together in the assembly hall all the monks who live supported by Vesālī.”1.2.15“Evaṁ, bhante”ti,“Yes.”1.2.16kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā yāvatikā bhikkhū vesāliṁ upanissāya viharanti te sabbe upaṭṭhānasālāyaṁ sannipātetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—When he had done so, he went to the Buddha and said,1.2.17“sannipatito, bhante, bhikkhusaṅgho;“Sir, the Sangha of monks is gathered.1.2.18yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṁ maññatī”ti.Please do as you think appropriate.”

1.2.19Atha kho bhagavā yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—The Buddha then went to the assembly hall, sat down on the prepared seat, and addressed the monks:

1.3.1“Ayampi kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasameti.“Monks, when stillness by mindfulness of breathing is developed and cultivated, it is peaceful and sublime, and a satisfying state of bliss. And it removes bad and unwholesome qualities on the spot, whenever they arise.1.3.2Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gimhānaṁ pacchime māse uhataṁ rajojallaṁ tamenaṁ mahāakālamegho ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasameti;Just as a great, unseasonal storm in the last month of summer removes the dust and dirt from the air,1.3.3evameva kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasameti.just so, when stillness by mindfulness of breathing is developed and cultivated, it is peaceful and sublime, and it removes bad and unwholesome qualities on the spot, whenever they arise.

1.3.4Kathaṁ bhāvito ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi kathaṁ bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasameti?And how is stillness by mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated in this way?

1.3.5Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.A monk sits down in the wilderness, at the foot of a tree, or in an empty hut. He crosses his legs, straightens his body, and sets up mindfulness in front of him.1.3.6So satova assasati, sato passasati.Simply mindful, he breathes in; mindful, he breathes out.

1.3.7Dīghaṁ vā assasanto dīghaṁ assasāmīti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto dīghaṁ passasāmīti pajānāti.When he breathes in long, he knows it; and when he breathes out long, he knows that.1.3.8Rassaṁ vā assasanto rassaṁ assasāmīti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto rassaṁ passasāmīti pajānāti.When he breathes in short, he knows it; and when he breathes out short, he knows that.1.3.9PTS 3.71Sabbakāyappaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Sabbakāyappaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in fully experiencing the breath; when breathing out, he trains in fully experiencing the breath.²1.3.10Passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmīti sikkhati. Passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in calming the activity of the body; when breathing out, he trains in calming the activity of the body.

1.3.11Pītippaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Pītippaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in experiencing joy; when breathing out, he trains in experiencing joy.1.3.12Sukhappaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Sukhappaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in experiencing bliss; when breathing out, he trains in experiencing bliss.1.3.13Cittasaṅkhārappaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Cittasaṅkhārappaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in experiencing the activity of the mind; when breathing out, he trains in experiencing the activity of the mind.1.3.14Passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmīti sikkhati. Passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in calming the activity of the mind; when breathing out, he trains in calming the activity of the mind.

1.3.15Cittappaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Cittappaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in experiencing the mind; when breathing out, he trains in experiencing the mind.1.3.16Abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ …pe…When breathing in, he trains in gladdening the mind; when breathing out, he trains in gladdening the mind.1.3.17samādahaṁ cittaṁ …pe…When breathing in, he trains in stilling the mind; when breathing out, he trains in stilling the mind.1.3.18vimocayaṁ cittaṁ …pe…When breathing in, he trains in freeing the mind; when breathing out, he trains in freeing the mind.

1.3.19Aniccānupassī …pe…When breathing in, he trains in contemplating impermanence; when breathing out, he trains in contemplating impermanence.1.3.20virāgānupassī …pe…When breathing in, he trains in contemplating fading away; when breathing out, he trains in contemplating fading away.1.3.21nirodhānupassī …pe…When breathing in, he trains in contemplating ending; when breathing out, he trains in contemplating ending.1.3.22paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. Paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhati.When breathing in, he trains in contemplating relinquishment; when breathing out, he trains in contemplating relinquishment.

1.3.23Evaṁ bhāvito kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassatisamādhi evaṁ bahulīkato santo ceva paṇīto ca asecanako ca sukho ca vihāro uppannuppanne ca pāpake akusale dhamme ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasametī”ti.Monks, when stillness by mindfulness of breathing is developed and cultivated like this, it is peaceful and sublime, and a satisfying state of bliss. And it removes bad and unwholesome qualities on the spot, whenever they arise.”

1.4.1Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi—The Buddha then had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks:1.4.2“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū attanāpi attānaṁ jīvitā voropenti, aññamaññampi jīvitā voropenti migalaṇḍikampi samaṇakuttakaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadanti—“Is it true, monks, that there are monks who have taken their own lives, who have killed one another, and who have said to Migalaṇḍika,1.4.3‘sādhu no, āvuso, jīvitā voropehi, idaṁ te pattacīvaraṁ bhavissatī’”ti?‘Please kill us. You will get our bowl and robes’?”

1.4.4“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

1.4.5Vigarahi buddho bhagavā—The Buddha rebuked them,1.4.6“ananucchavikaṁ, bhikkhave, tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ ananulomikaṁ appaṭirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.“Monks, it’s not suitable for these monks, it’s not proper, it’s not worthy of a monastic, it’s not allowable, it’s not to be done.1.4.7Kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū attanāpi attānaṁ jīvitā voropessanti, aññamaññampi jīvitā voropessanti, migalaṇḍikampi samaṇakuttakaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vakkhanti—How could those monks do this?1.4.8‘sādhu no, āvuso, jīvitā voropehi, idaṁ te pattacīvaraṁ bhavissatī’ti.1.4.9Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …1.4.10evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.4.11.0Preliminary ruling

1.4.11.1“Yo pana bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṁ jīvitā voropeyya satthahārakaṁ vāssa pariyeseyya,‘If a monk intentionally kills a human being or seeks an instrument of death for them, 1.4.12ayampi pārājiko hoti asaṁvāso”ti.he too is expelled and excluded from the community.’”

1.4.13Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

2.0Second substory

2.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro upāsako gilāno hoti.At one time a certain lay follower was sick.2.2Tassa pajāpati abhirūpā hoti dassanīyā pāsādikā.He had a beautiful and pleasant wife,2.3Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū tassā itthiyā paṭibaddhacittā honti.who the monks from the group of six had fallen in love with.2.4Atha kho chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—They said to each other,2.5“sace kho so, āvuso, upāsako jīvissati na mayaṁ taṁ itthiṁ labhissāma.“If this lay follower recovers, we won’t get her.2.6PTS 3.72Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, tassa upāsakassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇemā”ti.Come, let’s praise death to him.”

2.7Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū yena so upāsako tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ upāsakaṁ etadavocuṁ—They then went to that lay follower and said,2.8“tvaṁ khosi, upāsaka, katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo akatapāpo akataluddo akatakibbiso.“You’ve done what’s good and wholesome; you’ve made a shelter against fear. You haven’t done anything bad; you haven’t been greedy or immoral.2.9Kataṁ tayā kalyāṇaṁ, akataṁ tayā pāpaṁ.2.10Kiṁ tuyhiminā pāpakena dujjīvitena.So why carry on with this miserable and difficult life?2.11Mataṁ te jīvitā seyyo.Death is better for you.2.12Ito tvaṁ kālaṅkato kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjissasi.When you’ve passed away, you’ll be reborn in a happy place, in heaven.2.13Tattha dibbehi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāressasī”ti.There you’ll be able to enjoy the pleasures of heaven.”

2.14Atha kho so upāsako—That lay follower thought,2.15“saccaṁ kho ayyā āhaṁsu.“The venerables have spoken the truth,2.16Ahañhi katakalyāṇo katakusalo katabhīruttāṇo akatapāpo akataluddo akatakibbiso.2.17Kataṁ mayā kalyāṇaṁ, akataṁ mayā pāpaṁ.for I’ve done what’s good and avoided what’s bad,2.18Kiṁ mayhiminā pāpakena dujjīvitena.2.19Mataṁ me jīvitā seyyo.2.20Ito ahaṁ kālaṅkato kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjissāmi.and after death I’ll be reborn in a happy place.”2.21Tattha dibbehi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāressāmī”ti,

2.22so asappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñji asappāyāni ca khādanīyāni khādi asappāyāni ca sāyanīyāni sāyi asappāyāni ca pānāni pivi.From then on he ate various kinds of detrimental food and drank detrimental drinks,2.23Tassa asappāyāni ceva bhojanāni bhuñjato asappāyāni ca khādanīyāni khādato asappāyāni ca sāyanīyāni sāyato asappāyāni ca pānāni pivato kharo ābādho uppajji.and as a consequence, he became very ill2.24So teneva ābādhena kālamakāsi.and died.

2.25Tassa pajāpati ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—But his wife complained and criticized those monks,2.26“alajjino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dussīlā musāvādino.“These Sakyan monastics are shameless and immoral liars.2.27Ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti.They claim to have integrity, to be celibate and of good conduct, to be truthful, moral, and good.2.28Natthi imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ natthi imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ,But they don’t have the good character of a monastic or a brahmin.2.29naṭṭhaṁ imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ naṭṭhaṁ imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ, kuto imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ kuto imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ, apagatā ime sāmaññā apagatā ime brahmaññā.They’ve lost the plot!2.30Ime me sāmikassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇesuṁ.They praised death to my husband,2.31Imehi me sāmiko mārito”ti.and as a result my husband is dead.”

2.32Aññepi manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—And other people complained and criticized them in the same way.2.33“alajjino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dussīlā musāvādino.2.34Ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti.2.35Natthi imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ natthi imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ, naṭṭhaṁ imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ naṭṭhaṁ imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ, kuto imesaṁ sāmaññaṁ kuto imesaṁ brahmaññaṁ, apagatā ime sāmaññā apagatā ime brahmaññā.2.36Ime upāsakassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇesuṁ.2.37Imehi upāsako mārito”ti.

2.38Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the criticism of those people.2.39Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—Those monks who had few desires and a sense of conscience, who were contented, afraid of wrongdoing, and fond of the training, complained and criticized those monks,2.40“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū upāsakassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇissantī”ti.“How could they praise death to that lay follower?”

2.41PTS 3.73Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha …

2.42“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, upāsakassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇethā”ti?“Is it true, monks, that you did this?”

2.43“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

2.44Vigarahi buddho bhagavā—The Buddha rebuked them,2.45“ananucchavikaṁ, moghapurisā, ananulomikaṁ appaṭirūpaṁ assāmaṇakaṁ akappiyaṁ akaraṇīyaṁ.“Foolish men, it’s not suitable, it’s not proper, it’s not worthy of a monastic, it’s not allowable, it’s not to be done.2.46Kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, upāsakassa maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇissatha.How could you do this?2.47Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …2.48evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

2.49.0Final ruling

2.49.1“Yo pana bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṁ jīvitā voropeyya satthahārakaṁ vāssa pariyeseyya maraṇavaṇṇaṁ vā saṁvaṇṇeyya maraṇāya vā samādapeyya—‘If a monk intentionally kills a human being or seeks an instrument of death for them or praises death or incites someone to die, saying,³2.50‘ambho purisa, kiṁ tuyhiminā pāpakena dujjīvitena, mataṁ te jīvitā seyyo’ti,“My friend, what’s the point of this miserable and difficult life? Death is better for you than life!”—2.51iti cittamano cittasaṅkappo anekapariyāyena maraṇavaṇṇaṁ vā saṁvaṇṇeyya, maraṇāya vā samādapeyya,thinking and intending thus, if he praises death in many ways or incites someone to die—2.52ayampi pārājiko hoti asaṁvāso”ti.he too is expelled and excluded from the community.’”

3.0Definitions

3.1Yo panātiA:: 3.2yo yādiso …pe…whoever …
3.3bhikkhūtiMonk:: 3.4…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
3.5SañciccātiIntentionally:: 3.6jānanto sañjānanto cecca abhivitaritvā vītikkamo.knowing, perceiving, having intended, having decided, he transgresses.
3.7Manussaviggaho nāmaA human being:: 3.8yaṁ mātukucchismiṁ paṭhamaṁ cittaṁ uppannaṁ paṭhamaṁ viññāṇaṁ pātubhūtaṁ, yāva maraṇakālā etthantare eso manussaviggaho nāma.from the mind’s first appearance in the mother’s womb, from the first manifestation of consciousness, until the time of death: in between these—this is called “a human being”.
3.9Jīvitā voropeyyātiKills:: 3.10jīvitindriyaṁ upacchindati uparodheti santatiṁ vikopeti.cuts off the life faculty, brings it to an end, interrupts its continuation.
3.11Satthahārakaṁ vāssa pariyeseyyātiOr seeks an instrument of death for them:: 3.12asiṁ vā sattiṁ vā bheṇḍiṁ vā laguḷaṁ vā pāsāṇaṁ vā satthaṁ vā visaṁ vā rajjuṁ vā.a sword, a dagger, an arrow, a club, a rock, a knife, poison, or a rope.
3.13Maraṇavaṇṇaṁ vā saṁvaṇṇeyyātiOr praises death:: 3.14jīvite ādīnavaṁ dasseti, maraṇe vaṇṇaṁ bhaṇati.he shows the drawbacks of living and speaks in praise of death.
3.15Maraṇāya vā samādapeyyātiOr incites someone to die:: 3.16satthaṁ vā āhara, visaṁ vā khāda, rajjuyā vā ubbandhitvā kālaṁ karohīti.he says, “Kill yourself with a knife,” “Eat poison,” “Die by hanging yourself with a rope.”
3.17Ambho purisātiMy friend:: 3.18ālapanādhivacanametaṁ.this is a form of address.
3.19Kiṁ tuyhiminā pāpakena dujjīvitenātiWhat’s the point of this miserable and difficult life:: 3.20pāpakaṁ nāma jīvitaṁMiserable life:3.21aḍḍhānaṁ jīvitaṁ upādāya daliddānaṁ jīvitaṁ pāpakaṁ lāmakaṁ,the life of the poor is miserable compared to the life of the rich;3.22sadhanānaṁ jīvitaṁ upādāya adhanānaṁ jīvitaṁ pāpakaṁ,the life of the impoverished is miserable compared to the life of the wealthy;3.23devānaṁ jīvitaṁ upādāya manussānaṁ jīvitaṁ pāpakaṁ.the life of humans is miserable compared to the life of the gods.
3.24PTS 3.74Dujjīvitaṁ nāmaDifficult life:: 3.25hatthacchinnassa pādacchinnassa hatthapādacchinnassa kaṇṇacchinnassa nāsacchinnassa kaṇṇanāsacchinnassa,the life of one whose hands are cut off, whose feet are cut off, whose hands and feet are cut off, whose ears are cut off, whose nose is cut off, whose ears and nose are cut off.3.26iminā ca pāpakena iminā ca dujjīvitena mataṁ te jīvitā seyyoti.Because of this sort of miserableness and this sort of difficult life, one says, “Death is better for you than life!”
3.27Iti cittamanotiThinking:: 3.28yaṁ cittaṁ taṁ mano, yaṁ mano taṁ cittaṁ.mind and thought are equivalent.
3.29CittasaṅkappotiIntending:: 3.30maraṇasaññī maraṇacetano maraṇādhippāyo.perceiving death, intending death, aiming at death.
3.31AnekapariyāyenātiIn many ways:: 3.32uccāvacehi ākārehi.in various manners.
3.33Maraṇavaṇṇaṁ vā saṁvaṇṇeyyātiHe praises death:: 3.34jīvite ādīnavaṁ dasseti, maraṇe vaṇṇaṁ bhaṇati—he shows the drawbacks of living and speaks in praise of death, saying,3.35“ito tvaṁ kālaṅkato kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjissasi,“When you’ve passed away, you’ll be reborn in a happy destination, in heaven.3.36tattha dibbehi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāressasī”ti.There you’ll be able to enjoy the pleasures of heaven.”
3.37Maraṇāya vā samādapeyyātiOr incites someone to die:: 3.38satthaṁ vā āhara, visaṁ vā khāda, rajjuyā vā ubbandhitvā kālaṁ karohi, sobbhe vā narake vā papāte vā papatāti.he says, “Kill yourself with a knife,” “Eat poison,” “Die by hanging yourself with a rope,” “Jump into a chasm,” “Jump into a pit,” “Jump off a cliff.”
3.39AyampītiHe too:: 3.40purime upādāya vuccati.this is said with reference to the preceding offenses entailing expulsion.
3.41Pārājiko hotītiIs expelled:: 3.42seyyathāpi nāma puthusilā dvidhā bhinnā appaṭisandhikā hoti,just as an ordinary stone that has broken in half cannot be put back together again,3.43evameva bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggahaṁ jīvitā voropetvā assamaṇo hoti asakyaputtiyo.so too is a monk who has intentionally killed a human being not an ascetic, not a Sakyan monastic.3.44Tena vuccati— “pārājiko hotī”ti.Therefore it is said, “he is expelled.”
3.45AsaṁvāsotiExcluded from the community:: 3.46saṁvāso nāma ekakammaṁ ekuddeso samasikkhatā— eso saṁvāso nāma.Community: joint legal procedures, a joint recitation, the same training—this is called “community”.3.47So tena saddhiṁ natthi, tena vuccati asaṁvāsoti.He does not take part in this—therefore it is called “excluded from the community”.

4.1.0.1Permutations

4.1.0.2Summary

4.1.1Sāmaṁ, adhiṭṭhāya, dūtena, dūtaparamparāya, visakkiyena dūtena, gatapaccāgatena dūtena,Oneself, having made a determination, by messenger, by a series of messengers, by a messenger who does not follow instructions, by a messenger gone and returned again.

4.1.2araho rahosaññī,Not in private, but perceiving it as private.4.1.3raho arahosaññī,In private, but perceiving it as not private.4.1.4araho arahosaññī,Not in private, and perceiving it as not private.4.1.5raho rahosaññīIn private, and perceiving it as private.

4.1.6kāyena saṁvaṇṇeti,He praises by means of the body.4.1.7vācāya saṁvaṇṇeti,He praises by means of speech.4.1.8kāyena vācāya saṁvaṇṇeti,He praises by means of both the body and speech.4.1.9dūtena saṁvaṇṇeti,He praises by means of a messenger.4.1.10lekhāya saṁvaṇṇeti,He praises by means of writing.

4.1.11opātaṁ apassenaṁ, upanikkhipanaṁ, bhesajjaṁ, rūpūpahāro, saddūpahāro, gandhūpahāro, rasūpahāro, phoṭṭhabbūpahāro, dhammūpahāro, ācikkhanā, anusāsanī, saṅketakammaṁ, nimittakammanti.A pit, a piece of furniture, placing near, tonic, arranging a sight, arranging a sound, arranging a smell, arranging a taste, arranging a touch, arranging a mental quality, information, instruction, acting by arrangement, making a sign.

4.2.0Exposition

4.2.1SāmantiOneself:

4.2.2sayaṁ hanati kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā.one oneself kills by means of the body or by means of something connected to the body or by means of something released.

4.2.3AdhiṭṭhāyātiHaving made a determination:

4.2.4.1adhiṭṭhahitvā āṇāpeti— “evaṁ vijjha, evaṁ pahara, evaṁ ghātehī”ti.having made a determination, he tells someone, “Hit thus, strike thus, kill thus.”

4.2.4.2By messenger:

4.2.5PTS 3.75Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.6So taṁ maññamāno taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If the other monk kills that person, thinking it is the one he was told to kill, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.

4.2.7Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.8So taṁ maññamāno aññaṁ jīvitā voropeti, mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti. Vadhakassa āpatti pārājikassa.If the other monk kills another person, thinking it is the one he was told to kill, there is no offense for the instigator, but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the murderer.

4.2.9Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.10So aññaṁ maññamāno taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If the other monk kills that person, thinking it is someone other than the one he was told to kill, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.

4.2.11Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.12.1So aññaṁ maññamāno aññaṁ jīvitā voropeti; mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti, vadhakassa āpatti pārājikassa.If the other monk kills another person, thinking it is someone other than the one he was told to kill, there is no offense for the instigator, but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the murderer.

4.2.12.2By a series of messengers:

4.2.13Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmassa pāvada—‘itthannāmo itthannāmassa pāvadatu—itthannāmo itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropetū’”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Tell so-and-so to tell so-and-so to kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.14So itarassa āroceti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.In telling the next person, there is an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.15Vadhako paṭiggaṇhāti, mūlaṭṭhassa āpatti thullaccayassa.If the potential murderer agrees, there is a serious offense for the instigator.4.2.16.1So taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti sabbesaṁ pārājikassa.If he kills that person, there is an offense entailing expulsion for all of them.

4.2.16.2By a messenger who does not follow instructions:

4.2.17Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmassa pāvada—‘itthannāmo itthannāmassa pāvadatu—itthannāmo itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropetū’”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Tell so-and-so to tell so-and-so to kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.18So aññaṁ āṇāpeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the other monk tells another person than the one he was told to tell, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.19Vadhako paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the potential murderer agrees, there is an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.20So taṁ jīvitā voropeti, mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti;If he kills that person, there is no offense for the instigator,4.2.21.1āṇāpakassa ca vadhakassa ca āpatti pārājikassa.but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the messenger and for the murderer.

4.2.21.2By a messenger gone and returned again:

4.2.22Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.23So gantvā puna paccāgacchati— “nāhaṁ sakkomi taṁ jīvitā voropetun”ti.If the other monk goes, but returns, saying, “I wasn’t able to kill them.”4.2.24So puna āṇāpeti— “yadā sakkosi tadā taṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the first monk tells him again, “When you’re able, then kill them,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.25So taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If the other monk kills that person, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.

4.2.26Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.27So āṇāpetvā vippaṭisārī na sāveti— “mā ghātehī”ti.He then regrets it, but does not say, “Don’t kill them.”4.2.28So taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If the other monk then kills that person, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.

4.2.29Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.30So āṇāpetvā vippaṭisārī sāveti— “mā ghātehī”ti.He then regrets it and says, “Don’t kill them.”4.2.31So—“āṇatto ahaṁ tayā”ti taṁ jīvitā voropeti, mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti. Vadhakassa āpatti pārājikassa.If the other monk replies, “I’ve been told by you to do so,” and then kills that person, there is no offense for the instigator, but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the murderer.

4.2.32Bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ āṇāpeti— “itthannāmaṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk tells another monk, “Kill so-and-so,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.2.33So āṇāpetvā vippaṭisārī sāveti— “mā ghātehī”ti.He then regrets it and says, “Don’t kill them.”4.2.34So sādhūti oramati, ubhinnaṁ anāpatti.If the other monk replies, “Fine,” and desists, there is no offense for either.

4.3.1Araho rahosaññīNot in private, but perceiving it as private:

4.3.2ullapati— “aho itthannāmo hato assā”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if he says aloud, “I wish so-and-so was killed,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

4.3.3Raho arahosaññīIn private, but perceiving it as not private:

4.3.4ullapati— “aho itthannāmo hato assā”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if he says aloud, “I wish so-and-so was killed,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

4.3.5Araho arahosaññīNot in private, and perceiving it as not private:

4.3.6PTS 3.76ullapati— “aho itthannāmo hato assā”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if he says aloud, “I wish so-and-so was killed,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

4.3.7Raho rahosaññīIn private, and perceiving it as private:

4.3.8ullapati— “aho itthannāmo hato assā”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if he says aloud, “I wish so-and-so was killed,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.

4.4.1Kāyena saṁvaṇṇeti nāmaHe praises by means of the body:: 4.4.2kāyena vikāraṁ karoti— “yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk makes a gesture with the body, indicating, “Whoever dies thus, receives wealth,” or, “Whoever dies thus, becomes famous,” or, “Whoever dies thus, goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.4.3Tāya saṁvaṇṇanāya marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, because of that praise, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.4.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.4.5Vācāya saṁvaṇṇeti nāmaHe praises by means of speech:: 4.4.6vācāya bhaṇati— “yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk says, “Whoever dies thus, receives wealth,” or, “Whoever dies thus, becomes famous,” or, “Whoever dies thus, goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.4.7Tāya saṁvaṇṇanāya marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, because of that praise, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.4.8Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.4.9Kāyena vācāya saṁvaṇṇeti nāmaHe praises by means of both the body and speech:: 4.4.10kāyena ca vikāraṁ karoti, vācāya ca bhaṇati— “yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk makes a gesture with the body and says, “Whoever dies thus, receives wealth,” or, “Whoever dies thus, becomes famous,” or, “Whoever dies thus, goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.4.11Tāya saṁvaṇṇanāya marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, because of that praise, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.4.12Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.4.13Dūtena saṁvaṇṇeti nāmaHe praises by means of a messenger:: 4.4.14dūtassa sāsanaṁ āroceti— “yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk gives instructions to a messenger, saying, “Whoever dies thus, receives wealth,” or, “Whoever dies thus, becomes famous,” or, “Whoever dies thus, goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.4.15Dūtassa sāsanaṁ sutvā marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, after hearing the messenger’s instruction, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.4.16Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.4.17Lekhāya saṁvaṇṇeti nāmaHe praises by means of writing:: 4.4.18lekhaṁ chindati— “yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, akkharakkharāya āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk writes, “Whoever dies thus, receives wealth,” or, “Whoever dies thus, becomes famous,” or, “Whoever dies thus, goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct for each character he writes.4.4.19Lekhaṁ passitvā marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, after seeing the writing, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.4.20Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.5.1Opātaṁ nāmaA pit:

4.5.2manussaṁ uddissa opātaṁ khanati— “papatitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk digs a pit for a human being, thinking, “Falling into it, they will die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.5.3Papatite dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If a person falls into it and experiences pain, the monk commits a serious offense.⁴4.5.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.5.5Anodissa opātaṁ khanati— “yo koci papatitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk digs a non-specific pit, thinking, “Whatever falls into it, will die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.⁵4.5.6Manusso tasmiṁ papatati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a person falls into it, the monk commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.5.7Papatite dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If they experience pain after falling in, the monk commits a serious offense.4.5.8Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If they die, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.5.9Yakkho vā peto vā tiracchānagatamanussaviggaho vā tasmiṁ papatati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a spirit, ghost, or animal in human form falls into it, the monk commits an offense of wrong conduct.⁶4.5.10Papatite dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it experiences pain after falling in, the monk commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.5.11Marati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If it dies, the monk commits a serious offense.4.5.12Tiracchānagato tasmiṁ papatati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If an animal falls into it, the monk commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.5.13Papatite dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If it experiences pain after falling in, the monk commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.5.14Marati, āpatti pācittiyassa.If it dies, the monk commits an offense entailing confession.

4.6.1Apassenaṁ nāmaA piece of furniture:

4.6.2apassene satthaṁ vā ṭhapeti visena vā makkheti dubbalaṁ vā karoti sobbhe vā narake vā papāte vā ṭhapeti— “papatitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk places a dagger in a piece of furniture, smears the furniture with poison, or makes it weak, or if he places it near a lake, a pit, or a cliff, thinking, “Falling down, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.6.3Satthena vā visena vā papatitena vā dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person experiences pain because of the dagger, the poison, or the fall, the monk commits a serious offense.4.6.4PTS 3.77Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.7.1Upanikkhipanaṁ nāmaPlacing near:

4.7.2asiṁ vā sattiṁ vā bheṇḍiṁ vā laguḷaṁ vā pāsāṇaṁ vā satthaṁ vā visaṁ vā rajjuṁ vā upanikkhipati— “iminā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk places a knife, a dagger, an arrow, a club, a rock, a sword, poison, or a rope near a person, thinking, “Using this, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.7.3“Tena marissāmī”ti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person thinks, “Using that, I shall die,” and he does something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.7.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.8.1Bhesajjaṁ nāmaTonics:

4.8.2sappiṁ vā navanītaṁ vā telaṁ vā madhuṁ vā phāṇitaṁ vā deti— “imaṁ sāyitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk gives a person ghee, butter, oil, honey, or syrup, thinking, “After tasting this, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.⁷4.8.3Taṁ sāyite dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person tastes it and experiences pain, the monk commits a serious offense.4.8.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.9.1Rūpūpahāro nāmaArranging a sight:: 4.9.2amanāpikaṁ rūpaṁ upasaṁharati bhayānakaṁ bheravaṁ— “imaṁ passitvā uttasitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk arranges a dreadful and terrifying sight, thinking, “Seeing this and becoming terrified, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.3Taṁ passitvā uttasati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person sees it and becomes terrified, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.5Manāpikaṁ rūpaṁ upasaṁharati— “imaṁ passitvā alābhakena sussitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk arranges a lovely sight, thinking, “Seeing this and then being unable to get hold of it, they’ll wither and die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.6Taṁ passitvā alābhakena sussati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person sees it and then withers because of not getting hold of it, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.7Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.9.8Saddūpahāro nāmaArranging a sound:: 4.9.9amanāpikaṁ saddaṁ upasaṁharati bhayānakaṁ bheravaṁ— “imaṁ sutvā uttasitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk arranges a dreadful and terrifying sound, thinking, “Hearing this and becoming terrified, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.10Taṁ sutvā uttasati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person hears it and becomes terrified, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.11Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.12Manāpikaṁ saddaṁ upasaṁharati pemanīyaṁ hadayaṅgamaṁ— “imaṁ sutvā alābhakena sussitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk arranges a lovely and heart-stirring sound, thinking, “Hearing this and then being unable to get hold of it, they’ll wither and die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.13Taṁ sutvā alābhakena sussati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person hears it and then withers because of not getting hold of it, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.14Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.9.15Gandhūpahāro nāmaArranging a smell:: 4.9.16amanāpikaṁ gandhaṁ upasaṁharati jegucchaṁ pāṭikulyaṁ— “imaṁ ghāyitvā jegucchatā pāṭikulyatā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk arranges a disgusting and repulsive smell, thinking, “Smelling this, they’ll die from disgust and repulsion,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.17Taṁ ghāyite jegucchatā pāṭikulyatā dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person smells it and experiences suffering because of disgust and repulsion, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.18Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.19Manāpikaṁ gandhaṁ upasaṁharati— “imaṁ ghāyitvā alābhakena sussitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk arranges a fragrant scent, thinking, “Smelling this and then being unable to get hold of it, they’ll wither and die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.20Taṁ ghāyitvā alābhakena sussati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person smells it and then withers because of not getting hold of it, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.21Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.9.22Rasūpahāro nāmaArranging a taste:: 4.9.23amanāpikaṁ rasaṁ upasaṁharati jegucchaṁ pāṭikulyaṁ— “imaṁ sāyitvā jegucchatā pāṭikulyatā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk arranges a disgusting and repulsive flavor, thinking, “Tasting this, they’ll die from disgust and repulsion,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.24Taṁ sāyite jegucchatā pāṭikulyatā dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person tastes it and experiences suffering because of disgust and repulsion, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.25Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.26Manāpikaṁ rasaṁ upasaṁharati— “imaṁ sāyitvā alābhakena sussitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk arranges a delicious flavor, thinking, “Tasting this and then being unable to get hold of it, they’ll wither and die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.27Taṁ sāyitvā alābhakena sussati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person tastes it and then withers because of not getting hold of it, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.28Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.9.29Phoṭṭhabbūpahāro nāmaArranging a touch:: 4.9.30PTS 3.78amanāpikaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upasaṁharati dukkhasamphassaṁ kharasamphassaṁ— “iminā phuṭṭho marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk arranges a painful and harsh physical contact, thinking, “Touched by this, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.31Tena phuṭṭhassa dukkhā vedanā uppajjati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person makes contact with it and experiences pain, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.32Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.33Manāpikaṁ phoṭṭhabbaṁ upasaṁharati sukhasamphassaṁ mudusamphassaṁ— “iminā phuṭṭho alābhakena sussitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk arranges a pleasant and soft physical contact, thinking, “Touched by this and then being unable to get hold of it, they’ll wither and die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.34Tena phuṭṭho alābhakena sussati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person is touched by it and then withers because of not getting hold of it, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.35Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.9.36Dhammūpahāro nāmaArranging a mental quality:: 4.9.37nerayikassa nirayakathaṁ katheti— “imaṁ sutvā uttasitvā marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk talks about hell to someone bound for hell, thinking, “Hearing this and becoming terrified, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.38Taṁ sutvā uttasati, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person hears it and becomes terrified, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.39Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.4.9.40Kalyāṇakammassa saggakathaṁ katheti— “imaṁ sutvā adhimutto marissatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If a monk talks about heaven to someone of good behavior, thinking, “Hearing this and being keen on it, they’ll die,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.9.41Taṁ sutvā adhimutto marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If the target person hears it, becomes keen on it, and thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.9.42Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.

4.10.1Ācikkhanā nāmaInformation:: 4.10.2puṭṭho bhaṇati— “evaṁ marassu. Yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if, being asked, a monk says, “Die like this. Anyone who does receives wealth,” or, “Die like this. Anyone who does becomes famous,” or, “Die like this. Anyone who does goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.10.3Tāya ācikkhanāya marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, because of that information, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.10.4Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.10.5Anusāsanī nāmaInstruction:: 4.10.6apuṭṭho bhaṇati— “evaṁ marassu. Yo evaṁ marati so dhanaṁ vā labhati yasaṁ vā labhati saggaṁ vā gacchatī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if, without being asked, a monk says, “Die like this. Anyone who does receives wealth,” or, “Die like this. Anyone who does becomes famous,” or, “Die like this. Anyone who does goes to heaven,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.10.7Tāya anusāsaniyā marissāmīti dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ uppādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa.If, because of that instruction, the target person thinks, “I shall die,” and they do something painful, the monk commits a serious offense.4.10.8Marati, āpatti pārājikassa.If the person dies, the monk commits an offense entailing expulsion.
4.10.9Saṅketakammaṁ nāmaActing by arrangement:: 4.10.10saṅketaṁ karoti purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā rattiṁ vā divā vā— “tena saṅketena taṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.if a monk makes an arrangement for before the meal or for after the meal, for the night or for the day, telling another person, “Kill that person according to this arrangement,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.10.11Tena saṅketena taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If the other person kills that person according to that arrangement, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.4.10.12Taṁ saṅketaṁ pure vā pacchā vā taṁ jīvitā voropeti, mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti, vadhakassa āpatti pārājikassa.If he kills him before or after the time of the arrangement, there is no offense for the instigator, but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the murderer.
4.10.13Nimittakammaṁ nāmaMaking a sign:: 4.10.14nimittaṁ karoti— “akkhiṁ vā nikhaṇissāmi bhamukaṁ vā ukkhipissāmi sīsaṁ vā ukkhipissāmi, tena nimittena taṁ jīvitā voropehī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.a monk makes a sign. If he says to another person, “When I wink, at that sign kill that person,” “When I raise an eyebrow, at that sign kill that person,” or, “When I nod, at that sign kill that person,” he commits an offense of wrong conduct.4.10.15Tena nimittena taṁ jīvitā voropeti, āpatti ubhinnaṁ pārājikassa.If, at that sign, the other person kills that person, there is an offense entailing expulsion for both.4.10.16Taṁ nimittaṁ pure vā pacchā vā taṁ jīvitā voropeti, mūlaṭṭhassa anāpatti, vadhakassa āpatti pārājikassa.If he kills him before or after the sign, there is no offense for the instigator, but there is an offense entailing expulsion for the murderer.

4.11.0Non-offenses

4.11.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:4.11.2asañciccaif it is unintentional;4.11.3ajānantassaif he does not know;4.11.4namaraṇādhippāyassaif he is not aiming at death;4.11.5ummattakassaif he is insane;4.11.6ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

4.11.7Manussaviggahapārājikamhi paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.The first section for recitation on expulsion in relation to human beings is finished.

4.11.83.1. VinītavatthuuddānagāthāSummary verses of case studies

4.11.9PTS 3.79Saṁvaṇṇanā nisīdanto,“Praising, sitting down,4.11.10musalodukkhalena ca;And with pestle, with mortar;4.11.11Vuḍḍhapabbajitābhisanno,Gone forth when old, flowing out,4.11.12aggavīmaṁsanāvisaṁ.First, experimental poison.
4.11.13Tayo ca vatthukammehi,And three with making sites,4.11.14iṭṭhakāhipare tayo;Another three with bricks;4.11.15Vāsī gopānasī ceva,And also machete, and rafter.4.11.16aṭṭakotaraṇaṁ pati.An elevated platform, coming down, fell down.
4.11.17Sedaṁ natthuñca sambāho,Sweating, and nose treatment, massage,4.11.18nhāpanabbhañjanena ca;By bathing, and by rubbing;4.11.19Uṭṭhāpento nipātento,Making get up, making lie down,4.11.20annapānena māraṇaṁ.Death through food, death through drink.
4.11.21Jāragabbho sapattī ca,Child by a lover, and co-wives;4.11.22mātā puttaṁ ubho vadhi;mother, child, he killed both,4.11.23Ubho na miyyare maddā,he killed neither; crushing,4.11.24tāpaṁ vañjhā vijāyinī.Heating, barren, fertile.
4.11.25Patodaṁ niggahe yakkho,Tickling, in taking hold of, a spirit,4.11.26vāḷayakkhañca pāhiṇi;And predatory spirits, sending;4.11.27Taṁ maññamāno pahari,Thinking it was them, he gave a blow,4.11.28saggañca nirayaṁ bhaṇe.In talking about heaven, and about hell.
4.11.29Āḷaviyā tayo rukkhā,Three trees at Āḷavī,4.11.30dāyehi apare tayo;Three others with forest groves;4.11.31Mā kilamesi na tuyhaṁ,Don’t torture, no I can’t,4.11.32takkaṁ sovīrakena cāti.Buttermilk, and salty purgative.”

5.1.03.2. VinītavatthuCase studies

5.1.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.1.2Tassa bhikkhū kāruññena maraṇavaṇṇaṁ saṁvaṇṇesuṁ.Out of compassion, the monks praised death to him.5.1.3So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.1.4Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi “bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, kacci nu kho mayaṁ pārājikaṁ āpattiṁ āpannā”ti?They became anxious, thinking, “The Buddha has laid down a training rule. Could it be that we’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?”5.1.5Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.They told the Buddha.5.1.6“Āpattiṁ tumhe, bhikkhave, āpannā pārājikan”ti.“You’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.2.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu pīṭhake pilotikāya paṭicchannaṁ dārakaṁ nisīdanto ottharitvā māresi.On one occasion an alms-collecting monk sat down on a bench, crushing a boy who was concealed by an old cloth. The boy died.5.2.2Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi “bhagavatā sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, kacci nu kho ahaṁ pārājikaṁ āpattiṁ āpanno”ti?The monk became anxious, thinking, “The Buddha has laid down a training rule. Could it be that I’ve committed an offense entailing expulsion?”5.2.3Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.He told the Buddha.5.2.4“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa.“There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

5.2.5Na ca, bhikkhave, appaṭivekkhitvā āsane nisīditabbaṁ; yo nisīdeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.But you shouldn’t sit down on a seat without checking it. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.3.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu bhattagge antaraghare āsanaṁ paññapento musale ussite ekaṁ musalaṁ aggahesi.On one occasion a monk was preparing a seat in a dining hall in an inhabited area. When he took hold of a pestle high up,5.3.2Dutiyo musalo paripatitvā aññatarassa dārakassa matthake avatthāsi.another pestle fell down, hitting a boy,5.3.3So kālamakāsi.who died.5.3.4Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.3.5“kiṁcitto tvaṁ, bhikkhū”ti?“What were you thinking?”

5.3.6“Asañcicca ahaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“I didn’t intend it, sir.”

5.3.7“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.3.8Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu bhattagge antaraghare āsanaṁ paññapento udukkhalabhaṇḍikaṁ akkamitvā pavaṭṭesi.On one occasion a monk was preparing a seat in a dining hall in an inhabited area when he forcefully kicked the implements belonging to a mortar.⁸5.3.9Aññataraṁ dārakaṁ ottharitvā māresi.They crushed a boy, who died.5.3.10Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…He became anxious …5.3.11“anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.4.1Tena kho pana samayena pitāputtā bhikkhūsu pabbajitā honti.At one time a father and son had gone forth with the monks.5.4.2Kāle ārocite putto pitaraṁ etadavoca—When the time was announced for a certain event, the son said to his father,⁹5.4.3“gaccha, bhante, saṅgho taṁ patimānetī”ti“Go, sir, the Sangha is waiting for you,”5.4.4piṭṭhiyaṁ gahetvā paṇāmesi.and seizing him by the back, he pushed him.5.4.5So papatitvā kālamakāsi.The father fell and died.5.4.6Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The son became anxious …5.4.7PTS 3.80“kiṁcitto tvaṁ, bhikkhū”ti?“What were you thinking?”

5.4.8“Nāhaṁ, bhagavā, maraṇādhippāyo”ti.“I didn’t mean to kill him, sir.”

5.4.9“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.4.10Tena kho pana samayena pitāputtā bhikkhūsu pabbajitā honti.At one time a father and son had gone forth with the monks.5.4.11Kāle ārocite putto pitaraṁ etadavoca—When the time was announced for a certain event, the son said to his father,5.4.12“gaccha, bhante, saṅgho taṁ patimānetī”ti“Go, sir, the Sangha is waiting for you,”5.4.13maraṇādhippāyo piṭṭhiyaṁ gahetvā paṇāmesi.and seizing him by the back, he pushed him, aiming to kill him.5.4.14So papatitvā kālamakāsi.The father fell and died.5.4.15Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The son became anxious …5.4.16“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.4.17Tena kho pana samayena pitāputtā bhikkhūsu pabbajitā honti.At one time a father and son had gone forth with the monks.5.4.18Kāle ārocite putto pitaraṁ etadavoca—When the time was announced for a certain event, the son said to his father,5.4.19“gaccha, bhante, saṅgho taṁ patimānetī”ti“Go, sir, the Sangha is waiting for you,”5.4.20maraṇādhippāyo piṭṭhiyaṁ gahetvā paṇāmesi.and seizing him by the back, he pushed him, aiming to kill him.5.4.21So papatitvā na kālamakāsi.The father fell, but did not die.5.4.22Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The son became anxious …5.4.23“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.4.24āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.5.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno bhuñjantassa maṁsaṁ kaṇṭhe vilaggaṁ hoti.On one occasion a monk got meat stuck in his throat while eating.5.5.2Aññataro bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno gīvāyaṁ pahāraṁ adāsi.Another monk hit him on the neck.5.5.3Salohitaṁ maṁsaṁ pati.The meat was expelled together with blood,5.5.4So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.and the monk died.5.5.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.5.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.5.7Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno bhuñjantassa maṁsaṁ kaṇṭhe vilaggaṁ hoti.On one occasion a monk got meat stuck in his throat while eating.5.5.8Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo tassa bhikkhuno gīvāyaṁ pahāraṁ adāsi.Another monk hit him on the neck, aiming to kill him.5.5.9Salohitaṁ maṁsaṁ pati.The meat was expelled together with blood,5.5.10So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.and the monk died.5.5.11Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.5.12“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.5.13Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno bhuñjantassa maṁsaṁ kaṇṭhe vilaggaṁ hoti.On one occasion a monk got meat stuck in his throat while eating.5.5.14Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo tassa bhikkhuno gīvāyaṁ pahāraṁ adāsi.Another monk hit him on the neck, aiming to kill him.5.5.15Salohitaṁ maṁsaṁ pati.The meat was expelled together with blood,5.5.16So bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.but the monk did not die.5.5.17Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.5.18“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.5.19āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.6.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro piṇḍacāriko bhikkhu visagataṁ piṇḍapātaṁ labhitvā paṭikkamanaṁ haritvā bhikkhūnaṁ aggakārikaṁ adāsi.On one occasion an alms-collecting monk received poisoned almsfood. He brought it back and gave the first portion to other monks.5.6.2Te bhikkhū kālamakaṁsu.They died.5.6.3Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…He became anxious …5.6.4“kiṁcitto tvaṁ, bhikkhū”ti?“What were you thinking, monk?”

5.6.5“Nāhaṁ, bhagavā, jānāmī”ti.“I didn’t know, sir.”

5.6.6“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, ajānantassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who doesn’t know.”

5.6.7Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu vīmaṁsādhippāyo aññatarassa bhikkhuno visaṁ adāsi.On one occasion a monk gave poison to another monk with the purpose of investigating it.5.6.8So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.That monk died.5.6.9Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.6.10“kiṁcitto tvaṁ, bhikkhū”ti?“What were you thinking, monk?”

5.6.11“Vīmaṁsādhippāyo ahaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“My purpose was to investigate it, sir.”

5.6.12“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.6.13āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.7.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū vihāravatthuṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were preparing a site for a dwelling5.7.2PTS 3.81Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā silaṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a stone to another monk above him.5.7.3Uparimena bhikkhunā duggahitā silā heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake avatthāsi.Because the other monk did not grasp it properly, it fell on the head of the monk below,5.7.4So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.who died.5.7.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.7.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.7.7Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū vihāravatthuṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were preparing a site for a dwelling5.7.8Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā silaṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a stone to another monk above him.5.7.9Uparimo bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake silaṁ muñci.The other monk dropped the stone on his head, aiming to kill him.5.7.10So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …¹⁰5.7.11so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.7.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.7.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.7.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.8.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū vihārassa kuṭṭaṁ uṭṭhāpenti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were building a wall for a dwelling5.8.2Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā iṭṭhakaṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a brick to another monk above him.5.8.3Uparimena bhikkhunā duggahitā iṭṭhakā heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake avatthāsi.Because the other monk did not grasp it properly, it fell on the head of the monk below,5.8.4So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.who died.5.8.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.8.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.8.7Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū vihārassa kuṭṭaṁ uṭṭhāpenti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were building a wall for a dwelling5.8.8Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā iṭṭhakaṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a brick to another monk above him.5.8.9Uparimo bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake iṭṭhakaṁ muñci.The other monk dropped the brick on his head, aiming to kill him.5.8.10So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.8.11so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.8.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.8.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.8.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.9.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work5.9.2Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā vāsiṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a machete to another monk above him.5.9.3Uparimena bhikkhunā duggahitā vāsī heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake avatthāsi.Because the other monk did not grasp it properly, it fell on the head of the monk below,5.9.4So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.who died.5.9.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.9.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.9.7Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work5.9.8Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā vāsiṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a machete to another monk above him.5.9.9Uparimo bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake vāsiṁ muñci.The other monk dropped the machete on his head, aiming to kill him.5.9.10So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.9.11so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.9.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.9.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.9.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.10.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work5.10.2Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā gopānasiṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a rafter to another monk above him.5.10.3Uparimena bhikkhunā duggahitā gopānasī heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake avatthāsi.Because the other monk did not grasp it properly, it fell on the head of the monk below,5.10.4So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.who died.5.10.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.10.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, asañciccā”ti.“There’s no offense when it’s unintentional.”

5.10.7Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karonti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were doing building work5.10.8Aññataro bhikkhu heṭṭhā hutvā gopānasiṁ uccāresi.when a monk lifted up a rafter to another monk above him.5.10.9Uparimo bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo heṭṭhimassa bhikkhuno matthake gopānasiṁ muñci.The other monk dropped the rafter on his head, aiming to kill him.5.10.10So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.10.11so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.10.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.10.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.10.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.11.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā aṭṭakaṁ bandhanti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were putting together an elevated platform while doing building work.5.11.2Aññataro bhikkhu aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—A monk said to another monk,5.11.3“āvuso, atraṭṭhito bandhāhī”ti.“Put it together while standing here.”5.11.4So tatraṭṭhito bandhanto paripatitvā kālamakāsi.He did, and he fell down and died.5.11.5PTS 3.82Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.11.6“kiṁcitto tvaṁ, bhikkhū”ti?“What were you thinking, monk?”

5.11.7“Nāhaṁ, bhagavā, maraṇādhippāyo”ti.“I didn’t mean to kill him, sir.”

5.11.8“Anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.11.9Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā aṭṭakaṁ bandhanti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were putting together an elevated platform while doing building work.5.11.10Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—A monk said to another monk,5.11.11“āvuso, atraṭṭhito bandhāhī”ti.“Put it together while standing here,” aiming to kill him.5.11.12So tatraṭṭhito bandhanto paripatitvā kālamakāsi …pe…He did, and he fell down and died. …5.11.13paripatitvā na kālamakāsi.he fell down, but did not die.5.11.14Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.11.15“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.11.16āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.12.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu vihāraṁ chādetvā otarati.On one occasion a monk was coming down after roofing a dwelling.5.12.2Aññataro bhikkhu taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—Another monk said to him,5.12.3“āvuso, ito otarāhī”ti.“Come down here.”5.12.4So tena otaranto paripatitvā kālamakāsi.He did, and he fell down and died.5.12.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.12.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.12.7Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu vihāraṁ chādetvā otarati.On one occasion a monk was coming down after roofing a dwelling.5.12.8Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—Another monk said to him,5.12.9“āvuso, ito otarāhī”ti.“Come down here,” aiming to kill him.5.12.10So tena otaranto paripatitvā kālamakāsi …pe…He did, and he fell down and died. …5.12.11paripatitvā na kālamakāsi.he fell down, but did not die.5.12.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.12.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.12.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.13.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu anabhiratiyā pīḷito gijjhakūṭaṁ pabbataṁ abhiruhitvā papāte papatanto aññataraṁ vilīvakāraṁ ottharitvā māresi.On one occasion a monk who was plagued by lust climbed the Vulture Peak, jumped off the cliff, and hit a basket-maker. The basket-maker died,¹¹5.13.2Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…and the monk became anxious …5.13.3“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa.“There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

5.13.4Na ca, bhikkhave, attānaṁ pātetabbaṁ. Yo pāteyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.But, monks, you shouldn’t jump off anything. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.13.5Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū gijjhakūṭaṁ pabbataṁ abhiruhitvā davāya silaṁ pavijjhiṁsu.On one occasion the monks from the group of six climbed the Vulture Peak and threw down a stone for fun.5.13.6Sā aññataraṁ gopālakaṁ ottharitvā māresi.It hit a cowherd, who died.5.13.7Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.13.8“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa.“There’s no offense entailing expulsion.

5.13.9Na ca, bhikkhave, davāya silā pavijjhitabbā. Yo pavijjheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.But, monks, you shouldn’t throw down stones for fun. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.14.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.14.2Taṁ bhikkhū sedesuṁ.The monks made him sweat by heating him.5.14.3So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.14.4Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.14.5“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.14.6Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.14.7Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā sedesuṁ.The monks made him sweat by heating him, aiming to kill him.5.14.8So bhikkhu kālamakāsi. …pe…He died. …5.14.9So bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.14.10Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.14.11“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.14.12āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.15.1PTS 3.83Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno sīsābhitāpo hoti.On one occasion a certain monk had a severe headache.5.15.2Tassa bhikkhū natthuṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him medical treatment through the nose.5.15.3So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.15.4Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.15.5“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.15.6Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno sīsābhitāpo hoti.On one occasion a certain monk had a severe headache.5.15.7Tassa bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā natthuṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him medical treatment through the nose, aiming to kill him.5.15.8So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.15.9so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.15.10Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.15.11“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.15.12āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.2Taṁ bhikkhū sambāhesuṁ.The monks massaged him.5.16.3So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.4Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.5“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.6Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.7Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā sambāhesuṁ.The monks massaged him, aiming to kill him.5.16.8So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.9so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.10Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.11“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.12āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.13Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.14Taṁ bhikkhū nhāpesuṁ.The monks bathed him.5.16.15So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.16Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.17“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.18Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.19Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā nhāpesuṁ.The monks bathed him, aiming to kill him.5.16.20So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.21so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.22Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.23“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.24āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.25Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.26Taṁ bhikkhū telena abbhañjiṁsu.The monks rubbed him with oil.5.16.27So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.28Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.29“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.30Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.31Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā telena abbhañjiṁsu.The monks rubbed him with oil, aiming to kill him.5.16.32So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.33so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.34Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.35“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.36āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.37Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.38Taṁ bhikkhū uṭṭhāpesuṁ.The monks made him get up.5.16.39So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.40Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.41“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.42Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.43Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā uṭṭhāpesuṁ.The monks made him get up, aiming to kill him.5.16.44So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.45so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.46Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.47“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.48āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.49Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.50Taṁ bhikkhū nipātesuṁ.The monks made him lie down.5.16.51So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.52Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.53“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.54Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.55Taṁ bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā nipātesuṁ.The monks made him lie down, aiming to kill him.5.16.56So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.57so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.58Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.59“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.60āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.61Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.62Tassa bhikkhū annaṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him food.5.16.63So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.64Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.65“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.66Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.67Tassa bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā annaṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him food, aiming to kill him.5.16.68So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.69so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.70Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.71“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.72āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.16.73Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.74Tassa bhikkhu pānaṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him a drink.5.16.75So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.16.76Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.16.77“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.16.78Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti.On one occasion a certain monk was sick.5.16.79Tassa bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā pānaṁ adaṁsu.The monks gave him a drink, aiming to kill him.5.16.80So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.16.81so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.16.82Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.16.83“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.16.84āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.17.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā itthī pavutthapatikā jārena gabbhinī hoti.At one time a woman whose husband was living away from home became pregnant by a lover.5.17.2Sā kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—She said to a monk who associated with her family,5.17.3“iṅghāyya, gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.“Venerable, please help me have an abortion.”5.17.4“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti“Alright,” he said,5.17.5tassā gabbhapātanaṁ adāsi.and he helped her have an abortion.5.17.6Dārako kālamakāsi.The child died.5.17.7Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.17.8“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.18.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa purisassa dve pajāpatiyo honti—At one time a certain man had two wives,5.18.2ekā vañjhā, ekā vijāyinī.one barren and one fertile.5.18.3Vañjhā itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—The barren one said to a monk who associated with her family,5.18.4“sace sā, bhante, vijāyissati sabbassa kuṭumbassa issarā bhavissati.“If the other wife gives birth to a son, venerable, she’ll become the head wife.5.18.5Iṅghāyya, tassā gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.Please make her have an abortion.”5.18.6“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti“Alright,” he said,5.18.7tassā gabbhapātanaṁ adāsi.and he did so.5.18.8Dārako kālamakāsi,The child died,5.18.9mātā na kālamakāsi.but the mother did not die.5.18.10Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.18.11“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.18.12Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa purisassa dve pajāpatiyo honti—At one time a certain man had two wives,5.18.13ekā vañjhā, ekā vijāyinī.one barren and one fertile.5.18.14Vañjhā itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—The barren one said to a monk who associated with her family,5.18.15“sace sā, bhante, vijāyissati sabbassa kuṭumbassa issarā bhavissati.“If the other wife gives birth to a son, venerable, she’ll become the head wife.5.18.16Iṅghāyya, tassā gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.Please make her have an abortion.”5.18.17“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti“Alright,” he said,5.18.18tassā gabbhapātanaṁ adāsi.and he did so.5.18.19Mātā kālamakāsi,The mother died,5.18.20dārako na kālamakāsi.but the child did not die.5.18.21Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.18.22PTS 3.84“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,¹²5.18.23āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.18.24Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa purisassa dve pajāpatiyo honti—At one time a certain man had two wives,5.18.25ekā vañjhā, ekā vijāyinī.one barren and one fertile.5.18.26Vañjhā itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—The barren one said to a monk who associated with her family,5.18.27“sace sā, bhante, vijāyissati sabbassa kuṭumbassa issarā bhavissati.“If the other wife gives birth to a son, venerable, she’ll become the head wife.5.18.28Iṅghāyya, tassā gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.Please make her have an abortion.”5.18.29“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti“Alright,” he said,5.18.30tassā gabbhapātanaṁ adāsi.and he did so.5.18.31Ubho kālamakaṁsu …pe…Both died. …5.18.32ubho na kālamakaṁsu.Neither died.5.18.33Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.18.34“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.18.35āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.19.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā gabbhinī itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a woman who was pregnant said to a monk who associated with her family,5.19.2“iṅghāyya, gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.“Venerable, please help me have an abortion.”5.19.3“Tena hi, bhagini, maddassū”ti.“Well then, crush it,” he said.5.19.4Sā maddāpetvā gabbhaṁ pātesi.She crushed it and had an abortion.5.19.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.19.6“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.19.7Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā gabbhinī itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a woman who was pregnant said to a monk who associated with her family,5.19.8“iṅghāyya, gabbhapātanaṁ jānāhī”ti.“Venerable, please help me have an abortion.”5.19.9“Tena hi, bhagini, tāpehī”ti.“Well then, heat yourself,” he said.5.19.10Sā tāpetvā gabbhaṁ pātesi.She heated herself and had an abortion.5.19.11Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.19.12“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.20.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā vañjhā itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a barren woman said to a monk who associated with her family,5.20.2“iṅghāyya, bhesajjaṁ jānāhi yenāhaṁ vijāyeyyan”ti.“Please find some medicine, venerable, to help me become pregnant.”5.20.3“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti“Alright,” he said,5.20.4tassā bhesajjaṁ adāsi.and he gave her some medicine.5.20.5Sā kālamakāsi.She died.5.20.6Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…He became anxious …5.20.7“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.20.8āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.but there’s an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.21.1Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā vijāyinī itthī kulūpakaṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a fertile woman said to a monk who associated with her family,5.21.2“iṅghāyya, bhesajjaṁ jānāhi yenāhaṁ na vijāyeyyan”ti.“Please find some medicine, venerable, to help me not become pregnant.”5.21.3“Suṭṭhu, bhaginī”ti tassā bhesajjaṁ adāsi.“Alright,” he said, and he gave her some medicine.5.21.4Sā kālamakāsi.She died.5.21.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…He became anxious …5.21.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.21.7āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.but there’s an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.22.1Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū sattarasavaggiyaṁ bhikkhuṁ aṅgulipatodakena hāsesuṁ.On one occasion the monks from the group of six tickled a monk from the group of seventeen to make him laugh.5.22.2So bhikkhu uttanto anassāsako kālamakāsi.Being unable to catch his breath, he died.5.22.3Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.22.4“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassā”ti.“There’s no offense entailing expulsion.”

5.23.1Tena kho pana samayena sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū chabbaggiyaṁ bhikkhuṁ kammaṁ karissāmāti ottharitvā māresuṁ.On one occasion the monks from the group of seventeen overpowered a monk from the group of six, intending to do a legal procedure against him. He died.¹³5.23.2Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…They became anxious …5.23.3“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassā”ti.“There’s no offense entailing expulsion.”

5.24.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhūtavejjako bhikkhu yakkhaṁ jīvitā voropesi.On one occasion an exorcist monk killed a spirit.5.24.2Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…He became anxious …5.24.3“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.24.4āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.25.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ vāḷayakkhavihāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a dwelling inhabited by predatory spirits.5.25.2Taṁ yakkhā jīvitā voropesuṁ.The spirits killed him.5.25.3Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.25.4“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.25.5Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ vāḷayakkhavihāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a dwelling inhabited by predatory spirits, aiming to kill him.5.25.6Taṁ yakkhā jīvitā voropesuṁ …pe…The spirits killed him. …5.25.7taṁ yakkhā jīvitā na voropesuṁ.The spirits did not kill him.5.25.8Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.25.9“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.25.10āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.26.1PTS 3.85Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ vāḷakantāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a wilderness inhabited by predatory animals.5.26.2Taṁ vāḷā jīvitā voropesuṁ.The predatory animals killed him.5.26.3Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.26.4“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.26.5Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ vāḷakantāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a wilderness inhabited by predatory animals, aiming to kill him.5.26.6Taṁ vāḷā jīvitā voropesuṁ …pe…The predatory animals killed him. …5.26.7taṁ vāḷā jīvitā na voropesuṁ.The predatory animals did not kill him.5.26.8Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.26.9“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.26.10āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.26.11Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ corakantāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a wilderness inhabited by criminals.5.26.12Taṁ corā jīvitā voropesuṁ.The criminals killed him.5.26.13Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.26.14“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.26.15Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ corakantāraṁ pāhesi.On one occasion a monk sent another monk to a wilderness inhabited by criminals, aiming to kill him.5.26.16Taṁ corā jīvitā voropesuṁ …pe…The criminals killed him. …5.26.17taṁ corā jīvitā na voropesuṁ.The criminals did not kill him.5.26.18Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.26.19“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.26.20āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.27.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu taṁ maññamāno taṁ jīvitā voropesi …pe…On one occasion a monk killed a person, thinking it was them …5.27.2taṁ maññamāno aññaṁ jīvitā voropesi …pe…killed another person, thinking it was them …5.27.3aññaṁ maññamāno taṁ jīvitā voropesi …pe…killed a person, thinking they were another …5.27.4aññaṁ maññamāno aññaṁ jīvitā voropesi.killed another person, thinking they were another.5.27.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…That monk became anxious …5.27.6“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.28.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu amanussena gahito hoti.At one time a monk was possessed by a spirit.5.28.2Aññataro bhikkhu tassa bhikkhuno pahāraṁ adāsi.Another monk gave him a blow.5.28.3So bhikkhu kālamakāsi.He died.5.28.4Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.28.5“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.28.6Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu amanussena gahito hoti.At one time a monk was possessed by a spirit.5.28.7Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo tassa bhikkhuno pahāraṁ adāsi.Another monk gave him a blow, aiming to kill him.5.28.8So bhikkhu kālamakāsi …pe…He died. …5.28.9so bhikkhu na kālamakāsi.He did not die.5.28.10Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The other monk became anxious …5.28.11“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.28.12āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.29.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kalyāṇakammassa saggakathaṁ kathesi.On one occasion a monk gave a talk about heaven to a man of good behavior.5.29.2So adhimutto kālamakāsi.He became keen on it and died.5.29.3Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.29.4“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.29.5Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo kalyāṇakammassa saggakathaṁ kathesi.On one occasion a monk gave a talk about heaven to a man of good behavior, aiming to kill him.5.29.6So adhimutto kālamakāsi …pe…He became keen on it and died. …5.29.7so adhimutto na kālamakāsi.He became keen on it, but did not die.5.29.8Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.29.9“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.29.10āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.29.11Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu nerayikassa nirayakathaṁ kathesi.On one occasion a monk gave a talk about hell to a man bound for hell.5.29.12So uttasitvā kālamakāsi.He became terrified and died.5.29.13Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.29.14“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.29.15Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo nerayikassa nirayakathaṁ kathesi.On one occasion a monk gave a talk about hell to a man bound for hell, aiming to kill him.5.29.16So uttasitvā kālamakāsi …pe…He became terrified and died. …5.29.17so uttasitvā na kālamakāsi.He became terrified, but did not die.5.29.18Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.29.19“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.29.20āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.30.1Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā rukkhaṁ chindanti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were felling a tree while doing building work.5.30.2Aññataro bhikkhu aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—A monk said to another monk,5.30.3“āvuso, atraṭṭhito chindāhī”ti.“Fell it while standing here.”5.30.4Taṁ tatraṭṭhitaṁ chindantaṁ rukkho ottharitvā māresi.He did. The tree fell on him, and he died.5.30.5Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.30.6“anāpatti, bhikkhu, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.30.7Tena kho pana samayena āḷavakā bhikkhū navakammaṁ karontā rukkhaṁ chindanti.On one occasion the monks of Āḷavī were felling a tree while doing building work.5.30.8Aññataro bhikkhu maraṇādhippāyo aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—A monk said to another monk,5.30.9“āvuso, atraṭṭhito chindāhī”ti.“Fell it while standing here,” aiming to kill him.5.30.10Taṁ tatraṭṭhitaṁ chindantaṁ rukkho ottharitvā māresi …pe…He did. The tree fell on him, and he died. …5.30.11rukkho ottharitvā na māresi.The tree fell on him, but he did not die.5.30.12Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The first monk became anxious …5.30.13“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.30.14āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.31.1Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū dāyaṁ ālimpesuṁ;On one occasion the monks from the group of six set fire to a forest grove.5.31.2manussā daḍḍhā kālamakaṁsu.People were burned and died.5.31.3Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.31.4“anāpatti, bhikkhave, namaraṇādhippāyassā”ti.“There’s no offense for one who isn’t aiming at death.”

5.31.5Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū maraṇādhippāyā dāyaṁ ālimpesuṁ.On one occasion the monks from the group of six set fire to a forest grove, aiming to cause death.5.31.6Manussā daḍḍhā kālamakaṁsu …pe…People were burned and died. …5.31.7manussā daḍḍhā na kālamakaṁsu.People were burned, but did not die.5.31.8Tesaṁ kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monks became anxious …5.31.9“anāpatti, bhikkhave, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.31.10āpatti thullaccayassā”ti.but there’s a serious offense.”

5.32.1PTS 3.86Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āghātanaṁ gantvā coraghātaṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a monk went to a place of execution and said to the executioner,5.32.2“āvuso, māyimaṁ kilamesi.“Don’t torture him.5.32.3Ekena pahārena jīvitā voropehī”ti.Kill him with a single blow.”5.32.4“Suṭṭhu, bhante”ti“Alright, sir,” he said,5.32.5ekena pahārena jīvitā voropesi.and he killed him with a single blow.5.32.6Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.32.7“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.32.8Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āghātanaṁ gantvā coraghātaṁ etadavoca—On one occasion a monk went to a place of execution and said to the executioner,5.32.9“āvuso, māyimaṁ kilamesi.“Don’t torture him.5.32.10Ekena pahārena jīvitā voropehī”ti.Kill him with a single blow.”5.32.11So—“nāhaṁ tuyhaṁ vacanaṁ karissāmī”tiSaying, “No, I can’t,”5.32.12taṁ jīvitā voropesi.he executed him.5.32.13Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.32.14“anāpatti, bhikkhu, pārājikassa;“There’s no offense entailing expulsion,5.32.15āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.but there’s an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.33.1Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso ñātighare hatthapādacchinno ñātakehi samparikiṇṇo hoti.On one occasion a man whose hands and feet had been cut off was at his relatives’ house, surrounded by his relations.5.33.2Aññataro bhikkhu te manusse etadavoca—A monk said to those people,5.33.3“āvuso, icchatha imassa maraṇan”ti?“Do you want to euthanize him?”

5.33.4“Āma, bhante, icchāmā”ti.“Yes, sir.”

5.33.5“Tena hi takkaṁ pāyethā”ti.“Then give him buttermilk.”

5.33.6Te taṁ takkaṁ pāyesuṁ.They gave him buttermilk5.33.7So kālamakāsi.and he died.5.33.8Tassa kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe…The monk became anxious …5.33.9“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, āpanno pārājikan”ti.“You have committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.33.10Tena kho pana samayena aññataro puriso kulaghare hatthapādacchinno ñātakehi samparikiṇṇo hoti.On one occasion a man whose hands and feet had been cut off was at home, surrounded by his relations.5.33.11Aññatarā bhikkhunī te manusse etadavoca—A nun said to those people,5.33.12“āvuso, icchatha imassa maraṇan”ti?“Do you want to euthanize him?”

5.33.13“Āmāyye, icchāmā”ti.“Yes, venerable.”

5.33.14“Tena hi loṇasovīrakaṁ pāyethā”ti.“Then give him the salty purgative.”

5.33.15Te taṁ loṇasovīrakaṁ pāyesuṁ.They gave him the salty purgative5.33.16So kālamakāsi.and he died.5.33.17Tassā kukkuccaṁ ahosi …pe….The nun became anxious …5.33.18Atha kho sā bhikkhunī bhikkhunīnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.She then told the nuns,5.33.19Bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.who in turn told the monks,5.33.20Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.who then told the Buddha.5.33.21“Āpattiṁ sā, bhikkhave, bhikkhunī āpannā pārājikan”ti.“Monks, that nun has committed an offense entailing expulsion.”

5.33.22Tatiyapārājikaṁ samattaṁ.The third offense entailing expulsion is finished.

Translator’s notes

“Yard” renders pariveṇa. See Appendix of Technical Terms for discussion.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:1.1.25
I have here translated kāya as breath in accordance with the usage in the Ānāpānasati Sutta (MN 118:24.6) where the breath is specifically said to be a body among bodies. Sp 1.165: Sakalassa assāsakāyassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṁ viditaṁ karonto pākaṭaṁ karonto “assasissāmī”ti sikkhati, “He trains, ‘I will breathe in’, producing knowledge of and familiarity with the beginning, the middle, and the end of the whole body of the breath.”
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:1.3.9
“An instrument of death” renders satthahāraka. I follow Richard Gombrich’s interpretation of this word. See “The Mass Suicide of Monks in Discourse and Vinaya Literature”, by Anālayo, Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 7: 11–55, 2014.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:2.49.1
Sp 1.176: Yaṁ uddissa khanati, tassa dukkhuppattiyā thullaccayaṁ, maraṇena pārājikaṁ. Aññasmiṁ patitvā mate anāpatti, “If the person he dug the pit for experiences pain, there is a serious offense. If he dies, there is an offense entailing expulsion. If someone else falls in and dies, there is no offense.” The commentary makes a point that goes beyond what is found in the Canonical text. According to the Canonical text, if you dig a pit for any human being to fall into, then the offense occurs when any human being falls into it. The commentary, however, makes the additional point that if you dig a pit for a specific human to fall into, you only commit an offense if that same human being falls into it.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:4.5.3
Sp 1.176: Sace anuddissa “yo koci marissatī”ti khato hoti, yattakā patitvā maranti, tattakā pāṇātipātā, “If it is not dug for a specific person or being, but with the thought, ‘Whatever dies’, then, to the extent that a being falls in and dies, there is killing.” And therefore an offense entailing expulsion if that being is human.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:4.5.5
Kkh-pṭ: Manussaviggaho nāgasupaṇṇādisadiso tiracchānagato tiracchānagatamanussaviggaho, “Tiracchānagatamanussaviggaha: an animal like a dragon or a garuda, etc., in human form.”
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:4.5.9
“Syrup” renders phāṇita. I. B. Horner instead translates it as “molasses”, which doesn’t quite hit the mark. SED defines phāṇita as “the inspissated juice of the sugarcane or other plants”, in other words, “cane syrup”. According to the commentary at Sp 1.623 it can be either cooked or uncooked, the difference presumably whether it is raw or concentrated. “Syrup” seems closer to the mark than “molasses”.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:4.8.2
Sp-ṭ 1.180: Udukkhalabhaṇḍikanti udukkhalatthāya ānītaṁ dārubhaṇḍaṁ, “Udukkhalabhaṇḍika: wooden goods brought for the sake of a mortar.” That akkamati can mean “kick” can be seen from Bu Pj 1:10.20.10: So bhikkhu akkamitvā pavattesi, “The monk kicked her off.”
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.3.8
“For a certain event” is not found in the Pali, but has been added to make the Pali idiom clearer. Sp 2.108: Kāle ārociteti yāgubhattādīsu yassa kassaci kāle ārocite, “Kāle ārocite: when the time is announced for whatever, such as rice porridge, a meal, etc.”
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.4.2
This is to be expanded as in segments 5.5.7–5.5.19 above.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.7.10
The Pali seem to say that he simply fell off the cliff, papatanto, but the context seems to require something more deliberate. Perhaps it is just an idiom.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.13.1
It is not an offense entailing expulsion because he was aiming to kill the child, not the mother.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.18.22
The text doesn’t say what the legal procedure, the (saṅgha-)kamma, was about, but it seems implied that it was against that monk. This is also the position of the sub-commentary at Sp-ṭ 1.187: Kammādhippāyāti tajjanīyādikammakaraṇādhippāyā, “Aiming at a legal procedure: aiming at doing a legal procedure of censure, etc.” The monks from the group of seventeen were in regular conflict with the monks from the group of six.
↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pj3:5.23.1