1.1.1PTS 2.294Tena kho pana samayena vassasataparinibbute bhagavati vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ dasa vatthūni dīpenti—One hundred years after the Buddha had attained final extinguishment, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaimed ten practices as allowable:1.1.2kappati siṅgiloṇakappo, kappati dvaṅgulakappo, kappati gāmantarakappo, kappati āvāsakappo, kappati anumatikappo, kappati āciṇṇakappo, kappati amathitakappo, kappati jaḷogiṁ pātuṁ, kappati adasakaṁ nisīdanaṁ, kappati jātarūparajatanti.the salt-in-horn practice; the two-fingerbreadths practice; the next-village practice; the many-monasteries practice; the consent practice; customary practices; the unchurned practice; palm-juice drinking; sitting mats without borders; and gold, silver, and money.¹

1.1.3Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vajjīsu cārikaṁ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari.At that time Venerable Yasa of Kākaṇḍa was wandering in the Vajjian country, when he arrived at Vesālī.1.1.4Tatra sudaṁ āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ.There he stayed in the house with the peaked roof in the Great Wood.

1.1.5Tena kho pana samayena vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tadahuposathe kaṁsapātiṁ udakena pūretvā majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhapetvā āgatāgate vesālike upāsake evaṁ vadanti—Soon afterwards, on the observance day, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī filled a bronze bowl with water and placed it in the midst of the Sangha of monks. Whenever a lay follower of Vesālī came, they said,1.1.6“dethāvuso, saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi.“Please give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> coin to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>.1.1.7Bhavissati saṅghassa parikkhārena karaṇīyan”ti.The Sangha needs requisites.”

1.1.8Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesālike upāsake etadavoca—But Yasa said to the lay followers,1.1.9“māvuso, adattha saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi.“Don’t give a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i> to the Sangha, or half a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>kahāpaṇa</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>pāda</i>, or a <i lang='pi' translate='no'>māsaka</i>.1.1.10Na kappati samaṇānaṁ sakyaputtiyānaṁ jātarūparajataṁ;Gold, silver, and money aren’t allowable for the Sakyan monastics.1.1.11na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ;They neither accept1.1.12na paṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṁ;nor receive gold, silver, or money.1.1.13nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā”ti.The Sakyan monastics have given up gems and gold, and live without gold, silver, and money.”1.1.14Evampi kho vesālikā upāsakā āyasmatā yasena kākaṇḍakaputtena vuccamānā adaṁsuyeva saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi.But although Yasa said this, the lay followers continued to give money to the Sangha.

1.1.15Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tassā rattiyā accayena taṁ hiraññaṁ bhikkhaggena paṭivīsaṁ ṭhapetvā bhājesuṁ.The next morning the Vajjian monks distributed the money evenly.²1.1.16Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ—And they said to Yasa,1.1.17PTS 2.295“eso te, āvuso yasa, hiraññassa paṭivīso”ti.“Here’s your share, Yasa.”

1.1.18“Natthi me, āvuso, hiraññassa paṭivīso, nāhaṁ hiraññaṁ sādiyāmī”ti.“There’s no share for me. I don’t accept money.”

1.2.1Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū—The Vajjian monks said to one another,1.2.2“ayaṁ, āvuso, yaso kākaṇḍakaputto upāsake saddhe pasanne akkosati, paribhāsati, appasādaṁ karoti;“Yasa is abusing and reviling the lay followers who have faith and confidence. He’s destroying their confidence.1.2.3handassa mayaṁ paṭisāraṇīyakammaṁ karomā”ti te tassa paṭisāraṇīyakammaṁ akaṁsu.Let’s do a legal procedure of reconciliation against him.” And they did just that.

1.2.4Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesālike vajjiputtake bhikkhū etadavoca—Yasa said to them,1.2.5“bhagavatā, āvuso, paññattaṁ—“The Buddha has laid down1.2.6‘paṭisāraṇīyakammakatassa bhikkhuno anudūto dātabbo’ti.that a monk who has had a legal procedure of reconciliation done against him should be given a monk as a companion messenger.1.2.7Detha me, āvuso, anudūtaṁ bhikkhun”ti.Please give me a companion.”1.2.8Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ sammannitvā āyasmato yasassa kākaṇḍakaputtassa anudūtaṁ adaṁsu.They then appointed a monk and gave him to Yasa as a companion messenger.

1.2.9Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto anudūtena bhikkhunā saddhiṁ vesāliṁ pavisitvā vesālike upāsake etadavoca—Yasa entered Vesālī with his companion and said to the lay followers,1.2.10“ahaṁ kirāyasmante upāsake saddhe pasanne akkosāmi, paribhāsāmi, appasādaṁ karomi;“It seems that I’m abusing and reviling the venerable lay followers who have faith and confidence, and that I’m destroying their confidence,1.2.11yohaṁ adhammaṁ adhammoti vadāmi, dhammaṁ dhammoti vadāmi, avinayaṁ avinayoti vadāmi, vinayaṁ vinayoti vadāmi.in that I speak of what’s contrary to the Teaching as such and of what’s in accordance with the Teaching as such, and that I speak of what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as such and of what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as such.

1.3.0Why monastics should not accept gold, silver, or money

1.3.43Evaṁvādī kirāhaṁ āyasmante upāsake saddhe pasanne akkosāmi, paribhāsāmi, appasādaṁ karomi;It’s by speaking like this, it seems, that I’m abusing and reviling the venerable lay followers who have faith and confidence, and that I’m destroying their confidence.1.3.44yohaṁ adhammaṁ adhammoti vadāmi, dhammaṁ dhammoti vadāmi, avinayaṁ avinayoti vadāmi, vinayaṁ vinayoti vadāmi.

1.4.42Evaṁvādī kirāhaṁ āyasmante upāsake saddhe pasanne akkosāmi, paribhāsāmi, appasādaṁ karomi;It’s by speaking like this, it seems, that I’m abusing and reviling the venerable lay followers who have faith and confidence, and that I’m destroying their confidence.1.4.43yohaṁ adhammaṁ adhammoti vadāmi, dhammaṁ dhammoti vadāmi, avinayaṁ avinayoti vadāmi, vinayaṁ vinayoti vadāmi.

1.5.1Ekamidaṁ, āvuso, samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe āyasmantaṁ upanandaṁ sakyaputtaṁ ārabbha jātarūparajataṁ paṭikkhipi, sikkhāpadañca paññapesi.∥On another occasion at Rājagaha the Buddha prohibited gold, silver, and money and laid down a training rule because of Venerable Upananda the Sakyan.1.5.2Evaṁvādī kirāhaṁ āyasmante upāsake saddhe pasanne akkosāmi, paribhāsāmi, appasādaṁ karomi;It’s by speaking like this, it seems, that I’m abusing and reviling the venerable lay followers who have faith and confidence, and that I’m destroying their confidence,1.5.3PTS 2.298yohaṁ adhammaṁ adhammoti vadāmi, dhammaṁ dhammoti vadāmi, avinayaṁ avinayoti vadāmi, vinayaṁ vinayoti vadāmī”ti.in that I speak of what’s contrary to the Teaching as such and of what’s in accordance with the Teaching as such, and that I speak of what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as such and of what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as such.

1.6.1Evaṁ vutte, vesālikā upāsakā āyasmantaṁ yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ etadavocuṁ—And the lay followers of Vesālī said to Yasa,1.6.2“ekova, bhante, ayyo yaso kākaṇḍakaputto samaṇo sakyaputtiyo.“Venerable, you’re the only Sakyan monastic;1.6.3Sabbevime assamaṇā asakyaputtiyā.none of these others is.1.6.4Vasatu, bhante, ayyo yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesāliyaṁ.Please stay at Vesālī.1.6.5Mayaṁ ayyassa yasassa kākaṇḍakaputtassa ussukkaṁ karissāma cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānan”ti.We’ll do our best to provide you with robe-cloth, almsfood, a dwelling, and medicinal supplies.”1.6.6Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesālike upāsake saññāpetvā anudūtena bhikkhunā saddhiṁ ārāmaṁ agamāsi.Having persuaded the lay followers of Vesālī, Yasa returned to the monastery together with his companion messenger.

1.7.1Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū anudūtaṁ bhikkhuṁ pucchiṁsu—Soon afterwards the Vajjian monks asked the monk who had been the companion messenger,1.7.2“khamāpitāvuso, yasena kākaṇḍakaputtena vesālikā upāsakā”ti?“Did Yasa ask forgiveness of the lay followers?”

1.7.3“Upāsakehi pāpikaṁ no, āvuso, kataṁ.“The lay followers have acted badly toward us.1.7.4Ekova yaso kākaṇḍakaputto samaṇo sakyaputtiyo kato.They now regard Yasa as the only Sakyan monastic,1.7.5Sabbeva mayaṁ assamaṇā asakyaputtiyā katā”ti.but none of us.”⁶

1.7.6Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū—The Vajjian monks said,1.7.7“ayaṁ, āvuso, yaso kākaṇḍakaputto amhehi asammato gihīnaṁ pakāsesi;“Yasa has informed the householders without our approval.1.7.8handassa mayaṁ ukkhepanīyakammaṁ karomā”ti.Let’s do a legal procedure of ejection against him.”1.7.9Te tassa ukkhepanīyakammaṁ kattukāmā sannipatiṁsu.But when they gathered together to do the procedure against him,1.7.10Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vehāsaṁ abbhuggantvā kosambiyaṁ paccuṭṭhāsi.Yasa rose up into the air and landed at Kosambī.

1.7.11.0Yasa gathers supporters

1.7.11.1Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto pāveyyakānañca avantidakkhiṇāpathakānañca bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—Yasa then sent a message to the monks at Pāvā and to the monks in Avantī in the southern region:1.7.12“āgacchantu āyasmantā;“Please come, venerables.1.7.13imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ādiyissāma.Let’s take on this legal issue—1.7.14Pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Teaching shines forth and the Teaching is obstructed;1.7.15avinayo dippati, vinayo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Monastic Law shines forth and the Monastic Law is obstructed;1.7.16pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti;before those who speak contrary to the Teaching become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak;1.7.17avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī”ti.before those who speak contrary to the Monastic Law become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak.”

1.8.1Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī ahogaṅge pabbate paṭivasati.Yasa then traveled to Venerable Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī who was staying on the Ahogaṅga mountain.1.8.2Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto yena ahogaṅgo pabbato, yenāyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ sambhūtaṁ sāṇavāsiṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.He bowed, sat down,1.8.3Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto āyasmantaṁ sambhūtaṁ sāṇavāsiṁ etadavoca—and said,1.8.4“ime, bhante, vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ dasa vatthūni dīpenti—“Sir, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaim these ten practices as allowable:1.8.5kappati siṅgiloṇakappo, kappati dvaṅgulakappo, kappati gāmantarakappo, kappati āvāsakappo, kappati anumatikappo, kappati āciṇṇakappo, kappati amathitakappo, kappati jaḷogiṁ pātuṁ, kappati adasakaṁ nisīdanaṁ, kappati jātarūparajatanti.the salt-in-horn practice; the two-fingerbreadths practice; the next-village practice; the many-monasteries practice; the consent practice; customary practices; the unchurned practice; palm-juice drinking; sitting mats without borders; and gold, silver, and money.1.8.6PTS 2.299Handa mayaṁ, bhante, imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ādiyissāma.Let’s take on this legal issue—1.8.7Pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Teaching shines forth and the Teaching is obstructed;1.8.8avinayo dippati, vinayo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Monastic Law shines forth and the Monastic Law is obstructed;1.8.9pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti;before those who speak contrary to the Teaching become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak;1.8.10avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī”ti.before those who speak contrary to the Monastic Law become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak.”

1.8.11“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī āyasmato yasassa kākaṇḍakaputtassa paccassosi.“Yes.”

1.8.12Atha kho saṭṭhimattā pāveyyakā bhikkhū—Soon afterwards, sixty monks from Pāvā—1.8.13sabbe āraññikā, sabbe piṇḍapātikā, sabbe paṁsukūlikā, sabbe tecīvarikā, sabbeva arahanto—all of them wilderness dwellers, almsfood-only eaters, rag-robe wearers, three-robe owners, and perfected—1.8.14ahogaṅge pabbate sannipatiṁsu.gathered on mount Ahogaṅga.1.8.15Aṭṭhāsītimattā avantidakkhiṇāpathakā bhikkhū—And eighty-eight monks from Avantī in the southern region—1.8.16appekacce āraññikā, appekacce piṇḍapātikā, appekacce paṁsukūlikā, appekacce tecīvarikā, sabbeva arahanto—some of them wilderness dwellers, some almsfood-only eaters, some rag-robe wearers, some three-robe owners, but all perfected—1.8.17ahogaṅge pabbate sannipatiṁsu.also gathered on mount Ahogaṅga.1.9.1Atha kho therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ mantayamānānaṁ etadahosi—Then, as the senior monks were consulting one another, it occurred to them,1.9.2“idaṁ kho adhikaraṇaṁ kakkhaḷañca, vāḷañca;“This legal issue is going to be contentious and difficult.1.9.3kaṁ nu kho mayaṁ pakkhaṁ labheyyāma, yena mayaṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe balavantatarā assāmā”ti.How can we get supporters to strengthen our side?”

1.9.4Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā revato soreyye paṭivasati—At this time Venerable Revata was staying at Soreyya.1.9.5bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.He was learned and a master of the tradition; he was an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he was knowledgeable and competent, had a sense of conscience, and was afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.1.9.6Atha kho therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—The senior monks considered this1.9.7“ayaṁ kho āyasmā revato soreyye paṭivasati—1.9.8bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.1.9.9Sace mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ revataṁ pakkhaṁ labhissāma, evaṁ mayaṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe balavantatarā assāmā”ti.and said, “If we get Revata to support us, we’ll be stronger.”

1.9.10Assosi kho āyasmā revato—When Revata heard this conversation between the senior monks1.9.11dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya—by means of clairaudience,1.9.12therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ mantayamānānaṁ.1.9.13Sutvānassa etadahosi—he thought,1.9.14“idaṁ kho adhikaraṇaṁ kakkhaḷañca vāḷañca.“This legal issue is going to be contentious and difficult.1.9.15Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ yohaṁ evarūpe adhikaraṇe osakkeyyaṁ.It wouldn’t be appropriate for me to stay away from it.1.9.16Idāni ca pana te bhikkhū āgacchissanti.But now these monks are coming,1.9.17Sohaṁ tehi ākiṇṇo na phāsu gamissāmi.and I won’t be at ease when they crowd me in.1.9.18Yannūnāhaṁ paṭikacceva gaccheyyan”ti.Let me leave before they arrive.”1.9.19Atha kho āyasmā revato soreyyā saṅkassaṁ agamāsi.And he went from Soreyya to Saṅkassa.

1.9.20Atha kho therā bhikkhū soreyyaṁ gantvā pucchiṁsu—When the senior monks came to Soreyya1.9.21“kahaṁ āyasmā revato”ti?and asked where Revata was.1.9.22Te evamāhaṁsu—They were told1.9.23“esāyasmā revato saṅkassaṁ gato”ti.that he had gone to Saṅkassa.1.9.24Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅkassā kaṇṇakujjaṁ agamāsi.Revata then went from Saṅkassa to Kaṇṇakujja.1.9.25Atha kho therā bhikkhū saṅkassaṁ gantvā pucchiṁsu—When the senior monks came to Saṅkassa1.9.26“kahaṁ āyasmā revato”ti?and asked where Revata was,1.9.27Te evamāhaṁsu—they were told1.9.28“esāyasmā revato kaṇṇakujjaṁ gato”ti.he had gone to Kaṇṇakujja.1.9.29Atha kho āyasmā revato kaṇṇakujjā udumbaraṁ agamāsi.Revata then went from Kaṇṇakujja to Udumbara.1.9.30Atha kho therā bhikkhū kaṇṇakujjaṁ gantvā pucchiṁsu—When the senior monks came to Kaṇṇakujja1.9.31“kahaṁ āyasmā revato”ti?and asked where Revata was,1.9.32Te evamāhaṁsu—they were told1.9.33“esāyasmā revato udumbaraṁ gato”ti.he had gone to Udumbara.1.9.34PTS 2.300Atha kho āyasmā revato udumbarā aggaḷapuraṁ agamāsi.Revata then went from Udumbara to Aggaḷapura.1.9.35Atha kho therā bhikkhū udumbaraṁ gantvā pucchiṁsu—When the senior monks came to Udumbara1.9.36“kahaṁ āyasmā revato”ti?and asked where Revata was,1.9.37Te evamāhaṁsu—they were told1.9.38“esāyasmā revato aggaḷapuraṁ gato”ti.he had gone to Aggaḷapura.1.9.39Atha kho āyasmā revato aggaḷapurā sahajātiṁ agamāsi.Revata then went from Aggaḷapura to Sahajāti.1.9.40Atha kho therā bhikkhū aggaḷapuraṁ gantvā pucchiṁsu—When the senior monks came to Aggaḷapura1.9.41“kahaṁ āyasmā revato”ti?and asked where Revata was,1.9.42Te evamāhaṁsu—they were told1.9.43“esāyasmā revato sahajātiṁ gato”ti.he had gone to Sahajāti.1.9.44Atha kho therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ revataṁ sahajātiyaṁ sambhāvesuṁ.Finally the senior monks caught up with Revata at Sahajāti.

1.10.0The ten practices explained

1.10.1Atha kho āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī āyasmantaṁ yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ etadavoca—Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī then said to Yasa,1.10.2“ayaṁ, āvuso, āyasmā revato bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.“Revata is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.1.10.3Sace mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ revataṁ pañhaṁ pucchissāma, paṭibalo āyasmā revato ekeneva pañhena sakalampi rattiṁ vītināmetuṁ.If we ask Revata a question, he would be capable of spending the whole night answering just that one.1.10.4Idāni ca panāyasmā revato antevāsikaṁ sarabhāṇakaṁ bhikkhuṁ ajjhesissati.Now, soon he will ask a pupil monk to chant.1.10.5So tvaṁ tassa bhikkhuno sarabhaññapariyosāne āyasmantaṁ revataṁ upasaṅkamitvā imāni dasa vatthūni puccheyyāsī”ti.Once the chanting is finished, go up to Revata and ask him about these ten practices.”

1.10.6“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto āyasmato sambhūtassa sāṇavāsissa paccassosi.“Yes, sir.”1.10.7Atha kho āyasmā revato antevāsikaṁ sarabhāṇakaṁ bhikkhuṁ ajjhesi.

1.10.8Atha kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto tassa bhikkhuno sarabhaññapariyosāne yenāyasmā revato tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ revataṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Soon afterwards, when the chanting was finished, Yasa went up to Revata, bowed, sat down,1.10.9Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto āyasmantaṁ revataṁ etadavoca—and said,1.10.10“kappati, bhante, siṅgiloṇakappo”ti?“Sir, is the salt-in-horn practice allowable?”

1.10.11“Ko so, āvuso, siṅgiloṇakappo”ti?“What’s the salt-in-horn practice?”

1.10.12“Kappati, bhante, siṅginā loṇaṁ pariharituṁ—“Is it allowable to carry salt in a horn1.10.13yattha aloṇakaṁ bhavissati tattha paribhuñjissāmī”ti?and then eat it whenever the food is unsalted?”⁷

1.10.14“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.“No, it’s not allowable.”

1.10.15“Kappati, bhante, dvaṅgulakappo”ti?“Is the two-fingerbreadths practice allowable?”—“What’s the two fingerbreadths practice?”—“Is it allowable to eat at the wrong time, so long as the shadow of the sundial is within two fingerbreadths of midday?”—“No.”

1.10.16“Ko so, āvuso, dvaṅgulakappo”ti?

1.10.17“Kappati, bhante, dvaṅgulāya chāyāya vītivattāya, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjitun”ti?

1.10.18“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.19“Kappati, bhante, gāmantarakappo”ti?“Is the next-village practice allowable?”—“What’s the next-village practice?”—“When you have finished your meal and refused an invitation to eat more, is it allowable to eat non-leftover food if you intend to go to the next village?”—“No.”

1.10.20“Ko so, āvuso, gāmantarakappo”ti?1.10.21“Kappati, bhante—idāni gāmantaraṁ gamissāmīti—bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṁ bhojanaṁ bhuñjitun”ti?

1.10.22“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.23“Kappati, bhante, āvāsakappo”ti?“Is the many-monasteries practice allowable?”—“What’s the many-monasteries practice?”—“When there are a number of monasteries within the same monastery zone, is it allowable for them to do the observance-day ceremony separately?”—“No.”

1.10.24“Ko so, āvuso, āvāsakappo”ti?

1.10.25“Kappati, bhante, sambahulā āvāsā samānasīmā nānuposathaṁ kātun”ti?

1.10.26“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.27PTS 2.301“Kappati, bhante, anumatikappo”ti?“Is the consent practice allowable?”—“What’s the consent practice?”—“Is it allowable to do a legal procedure with an incomplete Sangha, with the intention of getting consent from the absent monks afterwards?”—“No.”

1.10.28“Ko so, āvuso, anumatikappo”ti?

1.10.29“Kappati, bhante, vaggena saṅghena kammaṁ kātuṁ—1.10.30āgate bhikkhū anumānessāmā”ti?

1.10.31“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.32“Kappati, bhante, āciṇṇakappo”ti?“Are customary practices allowable?”—“What are customary practices?”—“Is it allowable to follow the practices of one’s preceptors or teachers?”—“Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn’t.”

1.10.33“Ko so, āvuso, āciṇṇakappo”ti?

1.10.34“Kappati, bhante, idaṁ me upajjhāyena ajjhāciṇṇaṁ, idaṁ me ācariyena ajjhāciṇṇaṁ, taṁ ajjhācaritun”ti?

1.10.35“Āciṇṇakappo kho, āvuso, ekacco kappati, ekacco na kappatī”ti.

1.10.36“Kappati, bhante, amathitakappo”ti?“Is the unchurned practice allowable?”—“What’s the unchurned practice?”—“When you have finished your meal and refused an invitation to eat more, is it allowable to drink that which is halfway between milk and curd, if it’s not left over?”—“No.”

1.10.37“Ko so, āvuso, amathitakappo”ti?

1.10.38“Kappati, bhante, yaṁ taṁ khīraṁ khīrabhāvaṁ vijahitaṁ, asampattaṁ dadhibhāvaṁ, taṁ bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṁ pātun”ti?

1.10.39“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti?

1.10.40“Kappati, bhante, jaḷogiṁ pātun”ti?“Is palm-juice drinking allowable?”—“What’s palm juice?”—“Is it allowable to drink that which has started to ferment, but which hasn’t yet become a proper alcoholic drink?”—“No.”

1.10.41“Kā sā, āvuso, jaḷogī”ti?

1.10.42“Kappati, bhante, yā sā surā āsutā, asampattā majjabhāvaṁ, sā pātun”ti?

1.10.43“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.44“Kappati, bhante, adasakaṁ nisīdanan”ti?“Are sitting mats without borders allowable?”—“No.”

1.10.45“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.46“Kappati, bhante, jātarūparajatan”ti?“Is gold, silver, or money allowable?”—“No.”

1.10.47“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

1.10.48“Ime, bhante, vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ imāni dasa vatthūni dīpenti.“The Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaim these ten practices.1.10.49Handa mayaṁ, bhante, imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ādiyissāma.Venerable, let’s take on this legal issue—1.10.50Pure adhammo dippati, dhammo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Teaching shines forth and the Teaching is obstructed;1.10.51avinayo dippati, vinayo paṭibāhiyyati;before what’s contrary to the Monastic Law shines forth and the Monastic Law is obstructed;1.10.52pure adhammavādino balavanto honti, dhammavādino dubbalā honti;before those who speak contrary to the Teaching become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak;1.10.53avinayavādino balavanto honti, vinayavādino dubbalā hontī”ti.before those who speak contrary to the Monastic Law become strong and those who speak in accordance with it become weak.”

1.10.54“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā revato āyasmato yasassa kākaṇḍakaputtassa paccassosi.Saying, “Yes,” he consented to Yasa’s request.

1.10.55Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito.The first section for recitation is finished.

2.1.0Both sides gathering supporters

2.1.1Assosuṁ kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū—The Vajjian monks of Vesālī heard:2.1.2“yaso kira kākaṇḍakaputto idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ādiyitukāmo pakkhaṁ pariyesati, labhati ca kira pakkhan”ti.“It seems Yasa wants to take on this legal issue and is looking for supporters. And it seems he is gaining support.”2.1.3Atha kho vesālikānaṁ vajjiputtakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—They said,2.1.4“idaṁ kho adhikaraṇaṁ kakkhaḷañca vāḷañca.“This legal issue is going to be contentious and difficult.2.1.5Kaṁ nu kho mayaṁ pakkhaṁ labheyyāma, yena mayaṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe balavantatarā assāmā”ti.How can we get supporters to strengthen our side?”

2.1.6Atha kho vesālikānaṁ vajjiputtakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—It occurred to them,2.1.7“ayaṁ kho āyasmā revato bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.“Venerable Revata is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.2.1.8Sace mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ revataṁ pakkhaṁ labheyyāma, evaṁ mayaṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe balavantatarā assāmā”ti.If we get Revata to support us, we’ll be stronger.”

2.1.9Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū pahūtaṁ sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ paṭiyādesuṁ—They prepared many monastic requisites:2.1.10pattampi, cīvarampi, nisīdanampi, sūcigharampi, kāyabandhanampi, parissāvanampi, dhammakaraṇampi.a bowl, a robe, a sitting mat, a needle case, a belt, a water filter, and a water strainer.2.1.11Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū taṁ sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ ādāya nāvāya sahajātiṁ ujjaviṁsu;Taking those requisites, they traveled by boat upstream to Sahajāti.2.1.12PTS 2.302nāvāya paccorohitvā aññatarasmiṁ rukkhamūle bhattavissaggaṁ karonti.After disembarking, they had a meal at the foot of a tree.

2.2.1Atha kho āyasmato sāḷhassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi—At this time, Venerable Sāḷha was reflecting in private:2.2.2“ke nu kho dhammavādino—“Who speak in accordance with the Teaching—2.2.3pācīnakā vā bhikkhū, pāveyyakā vā”ti?the monks from the east or the monks from Pāvā?”2.2.4Atha kho āyasmato sāḷhassa, dhammañca vinayañca cetasā paccavekkhantassa, etadahosi—Reflecting on the Teaching and the Monastic Law, it occurred to him,2.2.5“adhammavādino pācīnakā bhikkhū, dhammavādino pāveyyakā bhikkhū”ti.“The monks from the east speak contrary to the Teaching, but the monks from Pāvā don’t.”

2.2.6Atha kho aññatarā suddhāvāsakāyikā devatā āyasmato sāḷhassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya—Just then a god from the pure abodes read Sāḷha’s mind.2.2.7seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—suddhāvāsesu devesu antarahitā āyasmato sāḷhassa sammukhe pāturahosi.Then, just as a strong man might bend or stretch his arm, he disappeared from pure abodes and appeared in front of Sāḷha.2.2.8Atha kho sā devatā āyasmantaṁ sāḷhaṁ etadavoca—And he said to Sāḷha,2.2.9“sādhu, bhante sāḷha, adhammavādī pācīnakā bhikkhū, dhammavādī pāveyyakā bhikkhū.“You’re right, Venerable Sāḷha. The monks from the east speak contrary to the Teaching, but the monks from Pāvā don’t.2.2.10Tena hi, bhante sāḷha, yathādhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī”ti.So then, take a stand in accordance with the Teaching.”

2.2.11“Pubbepi cāhaṁ, devate, etarahi ca yathādhammo tathā ṭhito;“I’ve always taken a stand in accordance with the Teaching.2.2.12api cāhaṁ na tāva diṭṭhiṁ āvi karomi, appeva nāma maṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe sammanneyyā”ti.But I won’t reveal my view in case I’m appointed to deal with this legal issue.”

2.3.1Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū taṁ sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ ādāya yenāyasmā revato tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ revataṁ etadavocuṁ—The Vajjian monks then went to Revata and said,2.3.2“paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, thero sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ—“Venerable, please accept these monastic requisites.”2.3.3pattampi, cīvarampi, nisīdanampi, sūcigharampi, kāyabandhanampi, parissāvanampi, dhammakaraṇampī”ti.

2.3.4“Alaṁ, āvuso, paripuṇṇaṁ me pattacīvaran”ti na icchi paṭiggahetuṁ.Not wanting to accept them, he replied, “There’s no need. My bowl and robes are complete.”

2.3.5Tena kho pana samayena uttaro nāma bhikkhu vīsativasso āyasmato revatassa upaṭṭhāko hoti.At this time a monk called Uttara, who had twenty years of seniority, was Revata’s attendant.2.3.6Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū yenāyasmā uttaro tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ uttaraṁ etadavocuṁ—The Vajjian monks then went to him and said,2.3.7“paṭiggaṇhātu āyasmā uttaro sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ—“Please accept these monastic requisites.”2.3.8pattampi, cīvarampi, nisīdanampi, sūcigharampi, kāyabandhanampi, parissāvanampi, dhammakaraṇampī”ti.

2.3.9“Alaṁ, āvuso, paripuṇṇaṁ me pattacīvaran”ti na icchi paṭiggahetuṁ.Not wanting to accept them, he replied, “There’s no need. My bowl and robes are complete.”

2.3.10“Manussā kho, āvuso uttara, bhagavato sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ upanāmenti.“But people brought monastic requisites to the Buddha.2.3.11Sace bhagavā paṭiggaṇhāti, teneva te attamanā honti.If the Buddha received them, they were pleased.2.3.12No ce bhagavā paṭiggaṇhāti, āyasmato ānandassa upanāmenti—If he didn’t, they brought them to Venerable Ānanda instead,2.3.13paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, thero sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ.saying, ‘Venerable, please accept these monastic requisites.2.3.14Yathā bhagavatā paṭiggahito, evameva so bhavissatīti.It’ll be as if they were received by the Buddha himself.’2.3.15Paṭiggaṇhātu āyasmā uttaro sāmaṇakaṁ parikkhāraṁ.So please accept these monastic requisites.2.3.16PTS 2.303Yathā therena paṭiggahito, evameva so bhavissatī”ti.It’ll be as if they were received by the elder himself.”

2.3.17Atha kho āyasmā uttaro vesālikehi vajjiputtehi bhikkhūhi nippīḷiyamāno ekaṁ cīvaraṁ aggahesi.Because he was pressured, Uttara received a robe.2.3.18“Vadeyyātha, āvuso, yena attho”ti.And he said, “Please say what you want.”

2.3.19“Ettakaṁ āyasmā uttaro theraṁ vadetu;“Please say this to the elder,2.3.20ettakañca, bhante, thero saṅghamajjhe vadetu—‘Sir, please say this in the midst of the Sangha:2.3.21‘puratthimesu janapadesu buddhā bhagavanto uppajjanti.“Buddhas appear in the eastern countries.2.3.22Dhammavādī pācīnakā bhikkhū, adhammavādī pāveyyakā bhikkhū’”ti.The monks from the east speak in accordance with the Teaching, not so the monks from Pāvā.”’”

2.3.23“Evamāvuso”ti“Alright.”

2.3.24kho āyasmā uttaro vesālikānaṁ vajjiputtakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ paṭissutvā yenāyasmā revato tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ revataṁ etadavoca—He then went to Revata2.3.25“ettakaṁ, bhante, thero saṅghamajjhe vadetu—and told him what he had been asked to say.2.3.26‘puratthimesu janapadesu buddhā bhagavanto uppajjanti.2.3.27Dhammavādī pācīnakā bhikkhū, adhammavādī pāveyyakā bhikkhū’”ti.

2.3.28“Adhamme maṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, niyojesī”ti thero āyasmantaṁ uttaraṁ paṇāmesi.Revata replied, “You’re urging me to act contrary to the Teaching,” and he dismissed Uttara.

2.3.29Atha kho vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ uttaraṁ etadavocuṁ—Soon afterwards the Vajjian monks asked Uttara,2.3.30“kiṁ, āvuso uttara, thero āhā”ti?“What did he say?”

2.3.31“Pāpikaṁ no, āvuso, kataṁ.“We’ve acted badly.2.3.32‘Adhamme maṁ tvaṁ, bhikkhu, niyojesī’ti thero maṁ paṇāmesī”ti.Saying, ‘You’re urging me to act contrary to the Teaching’, the elder dismissed me.”

2.3.33“Nanu tvaṁ, āvuso, vuḍḍho vīsativassosī”ti?“But aren’t you a senior monk of twenty years’ standing?”

2.3.34“Āmāvuso, api ca mayaṁ garunissayaṁ gaṇhāmā”ti.“Yes. Nevertheless, I live with formal support from him because I respect him.”⁸

2.4.1Atha kho saṅgho taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmo sannipati.The Sangha then gathered to make a decision on that legal issue.2.4.2Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅghaṁ ñāpesi—Revata informed the Sangha:

2.4.6Atha kho therā bhikkhū vesāliṁ agamaṁsu—The senior monks then went to Vesālī2.4.7taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmā.to make a decision on that legal issue.

2.4.8Tena kho pana samayena sabbakāmī nāma pathabyā saṅghatthero vīsavassasatiko upasampadāya, āyasmato ānandassa saddhivihāriko, vesāliyaṁ paṭivasati.At that time there was a monk called Sabbakāmī who had been ordained for one hundred and twenty years and was the most senior monk in the world. He had been a student of Venerable Ānanda and was now staying at Vesālī.

2.4.9Atha kho āyasmā revato āyasmantaṁ sambhūtaṁ sāṇavāsiṁ etadavoca—Revata said to Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī,2.4.10“ahaṁ, āvuso, yasmiṁ vihāre sabbakāmī thero viharati, taṁ vihāraṁ upagacchāmi.“I’ll be staying in Sabbakāmī’s dwelling.2.4.11So tvaṁ kālasseva āyasmantaṁ sabbakāmiṁ upasaṅkamitvā imāni dasa vatthūni puccheyyāsī”ti.Please go to Sabbakāmī at the appropriate time and ask about these ten practices.”

2.4.12“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī āyasmato revatassa paccassosi.“Yes, sir.”

2.4.13Atha kho āyasmā revato, yasmiṁ vihāre sabbakāmī thero viharati, taṁ vihāraṁ upagacchi.Revata then entered Sabbakāmī’s dwelling.2.4.14Gabbhe āyasmato sabbakāmissa senāsanaṁ paññattaṁ hoti, gabbhappamukhe āyasmato revatassa.Sabbakāmī had his resting place prepared in the room, whereas Revata had his prepared in the entryway.2.4.15PTS 2.304Atha kho āyasmā revato—When Revata saw2.4.16“ayaṁ thero mahallako na nipajjatī”ti—that the old monk did not lie down,2.4.17na seyyaṁ kappesi.he too did not lie down.2.4.18Āyasmā sabbakāmī—And when Sabbakāmī saw2.4.19“ayaṁ bhikkhu āgantuko kilanto na nipajjatī”ti—that the tired monk who had just arrived did not lie down,2.4.20na seyyaṁ kappesi.he too did not lie down.

2.5.1Atha kho āyasmā sabbakāmī rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṁ revataṁ etadavoca—Getting up early in the morning, Sabbakāmī said to Revata,2.5.2“katamena tvaṁ bhūmi vihārena etarahi bahulaṁ viharasī”ti?“What’s your main meditation?”

2.5.3“Mettāvihārena kho ahaṁ, bhante, etarahi bahulaṁ viharāmī”ti.“It’s good will, sir.”

2.5.4“Kullakavihārena kira tvaṁ bhūmi etarahi bahulaṁ viharasi.“Your meditation is noble,2.5.5Kullakavihāro eso bhūmi yadidaṁ mettā”ti.for good will is a noble meditation.”¹⁰

2.5.6“Pubbepi me, bhante, gihibhūtassa āciṇṇā mettā.“In the past, too, when I was a householder, I habitually practiced good will,2.5.7Tenāhaṁ etarahipi mettāvihārena bahulaṁ viharāmi, api ca mayā cirappattaṁ arahattanti.and now it’s my main meditation. Besides, I attained perfection long ago.2.5.8Thero pana, bhante, katamena vihārena etarahi bahulaṁ viharatī”ti?But what’s your main meditation, sir?”

2.5.9“Suññatāvihārena kho ahaṁ bhūmi etarahi bahulaṁ viharāmī”ti.“It’s emptiness.”

2.5.10“Mahāpurisavihārena kira, bhante, thero etarahi bahulaṁ viharati.“Your meditation is that of a great man,2.5.11Mahāpurisavihāro eso, bhante, yadidaṁ suññatā”ti.for emptiness is the meditation of a great man.”

2.5.12“Pubbepi me bhūmi gihibhūtassa āciṇṇā suññatā.“In the past, too, when I was a householder, I habitually practiced emptiness,2.5.13Tenāhaṁ etarahipi suññatāvihārena bahulaṁ viharāmi, api ca mayā cirappattaṁ arahattan”ti.and now it’s my main meditation. Besides, I attained perfection long ago.”

2.6.1Ayañcarahi therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ antarākathā vippakatā, athāyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī tasmiṁ anuppatto hoti.At that moment the conversation between the senior monks was interrupted because Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī arrived.2.6.2Atha kho āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī yenāyasmā sabbakāmī tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ sabbakāmiṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī went up to Sabbakāmī, bowed, sat down,2.6.3Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sambhūto sāṇavāsī āyasmantaṁ sabbakāmiṁ etadavoca—and said,2.6.4“ime, bhante, vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṁ dasa vatthūni dīpenti—“Sir, the Vajjian monks of Vesālī proclaim ten practices as allowable:2.6.5kappati siṅgiloṇakappo, kappati dvaṅgulakappo, kappati gāmantarakappo, kappati āvāsakappo, kappati anumatikappo, kappati āciṇṇakappo, kappati amathitakappo, kappati jaḷogiṁ, pātuṁ kappati adasakaṁ nisīdanaṁ, kappati jātarūparajatanti.the salt-in-horn practice; the two-fingerbreadths practice; the next-village practice; the many-monasteries practice; the consent practice; customary practices; the unchurned practice; palm-juice drinking; sitting mats without borders; and gold, silver, and money.2.6.6Therena, bhante, upajjhāyassa mūle bahudhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto.Now, you’ve learned much at the feet of your preceptor, both of the Teaching and the Monastic Law.2.6.7Therassa, bhante, dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa kathaṁ hoti?When you reflect on the Teaching and the Monastic Law,2.6.8Ke nu kho dhammavādino—who speak in accordance with the Teaching—2.6.9pācīnakā vā bhikkhū, pāveyyakā vā”ti?the monks from the east or the monks from Pāvā?”

2.6.10“Tayāpi kho, āvuso, upajjhāyassa mūle bahu dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto.“You too have learned much at the feet of your preceptor, both of the Teaching and the Monastic Law.2.6.11Tuyhaṁ pana, āvuso, dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa kathaṁ hoti?When you reflect on the Teaching and the Monastic Law,2.6.12Ke nu kho dhammavādino—who speak in accordance with the Teaching—2.6.13pācīnakā vā bhikkhū, pāveyyakā vā”ti?the monks from the east or the monks from Pāvā?”

2.6.14“Mayhaṁ kho, bhante, dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa evaṁ hoti—“When I reflect like this, it occurs to me2.6.15adhammavādī pācīnakā bhikkhū, dhammavādī pāveyyakā bhikkhūti;that the monks from the east speak contrary to the Teaching, but the monks from Pāvā don’t.2.6.16api cāhaṁ na tāva diṭṭhiṁ āvi karomi, appeva nāma maṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe sammanneyyā”ti.But I won’t reveal my view in case I’m appointed to deal with this legal issue.”

2.6.17PTS 2.305“Mayhampi kho, āvuso, dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa evaṁ hoti—“And when I reflect like this, it occurs to me too2.6.18adhammavādī pācīnakā bhikkhū, dhammavādī pāveyyakā bhikkhūti;that the monks from the east speak contrary to the Teaching, but the monks from Pāvā don’t.2.6.19api cāhaṁ na tāva diṭṭhiṁ āvi karomi, appeva nāma maṁ imasmiṁ adhikaraṇe sammanneyyā”ti.And I too won’t reveal my view in case I’m appointed to deal with this legal issue.”

2.7.0Choosing a committee

2.7.1Atha kho saṅgho taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmo sannipati.The Sangha then gathered to make a decision on that legal issue.2.7.2Tasmiṁ kho pana adhikaraṇe vinicchiyamāne anaggāni ceva bhassāni jāyanti, na cekassa bhāsitassa attho viññāyati.While they were discussing that legal issue, there was endless talk but not a single statement that could be understood.2.7.3Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅghaṁ ñāpesi—Revata then informed the Sangha:

2.7.7Saṅgho cattāro pācīnake bhikkhū, cattāro pāveyyake bhikkhū uccini.The Sangha then selected four monks from the east—2.7.8Pācīnakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ—2.7.9āyasmantañca sabbakāmiṁ, āyasmantañca sāḷhaṁ, āyasmantañca khujjasobhitaṁ, āyasmantañca vāsabhagāmikaṁ;Venerable Sabbakāmī, Venerable Sāḷha, Venerable Khujjasobhita, and Venerable Vāsabhagāmika—2.7.10pāveyyakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ—and four monks from Pāvā—2.7.11āyasmantañca revataṁ, āyasmantañca sambhūtaṁ sāṇavāsiṁ, āyasmantañca yasaṁ kākaṇḍakaputtaṁ, āyasmantañca sumananti.Venerable Revata, Venerable Sambhūta Sāṇavāsī, Venerable Yasa of Kākaṇḍa, and Venerable Sumana.2.7.12Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅghaṁ ñāpesi—Revata then informed the Sangha:

2.7.24Tena kho pana samayena ajito nāma bhikkhu dasavasso saṅghassa pātimokkhuddesako hoti.At that time there was a monk called Ajita who had ten years of seniority and was the Sangha’s reciter of the Monastic Code.2.7.25Atha kho saṅgho āyasmantampi ajitaṁ sammannati—The Sangha appointed him2.7.26therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ āsanapaññāpakaṁ.to assign seats to the senior monks.

2.7.27Atha kho therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—The senior monks said,2.7.28“kattha nu kho mayaṁ imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasameyyāmā”ti?“Where should we resolve this legal issue?”2.7.29Atha kho therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi—It occurred to them,2.7.30PTS 2.306“ayaṁ kho vālikārāmo ramaṇīyo appasaddo appanigghoso.“There’s the Vālika Monastery, which is delightful, quiet, and free from chatter.2.7.31Yannūna mayaṁ vālikārāme imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasameyyāmā”ti.Let’s resolve this legal issue there.”2.7.32Atha kho therā bhikkhū vālikārāmaṁ agamaṁsu—And so they went to the Vālika Monastery.2.7.33taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vinicchinitukāmā.

2.8.0The committee decides on the ten practices

2.8.1Atha kho āyasmā revato saṅghaṁ ñāpesi—Revata then informed the Sangha:

2.8.4Āyasmā sabbakāmī saṅghaṁ ñāpesi—And Sabbakāmī informed the Sangha:

2.8.7Atha kho āyasmā revato āyasmantaṁ sabbakāmiṁ etadavoca—∥Revata said to Sabbakāmī,2.8.8“kappati, bhante, siṅgiloṇakappo”ti?“Sir, is the salt-in-horn practice allowable?”

2.8.9“Ko so, āvuso, siṅgiloṇakappo”ti?“What’s the salt-in-horn practice?”

2.8.10“Kappati, bhante, siṅginā loṇaṁ pariharituṁ—“Is it allowable to carry salt in a horn2.8.11yattha aloṇakaṁ bhavissati tattha paribhuñjissāmā”ti?and then eat it whenever the food is unsalted?”

2.8.12“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.“No, it’s not allowable.”

2.8.13“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?“Where was it prohibited?”

2.8.14“Sāvatthiyaṁ, suttavibhaṅge”ti.“At Sāvatthī, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”

2.8.15“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?“What was committed?”

2.8.16“Sannidhikārakabhojane pācittiyan”ti.“An offense entailing confession for eating what has been stored.”

2.8.21“Kappati, bhante, dvaṅgulakappo”ti?∥“Is the two-fingerbreadths practice allowable?”—“What’s the two-fingerbreadths practice?”—“Is it allowable to eat at the wrong time, so long as the shadow of the sundial is within two fingerbreadths of midday?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Rājagaha, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession for eating at the wrong time.”¹³

2.8.22“Ko so, āvuso, dvaṅgulakappo”ti?

2.8.23“Kappati, bhante, dvaṅgulāya chāyāya vītivattāya vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjitun”ti?

2.8.24“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.25“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.26“Rājagahe, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.27“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.28“Vikālabhojane pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.33“Kappati, bhante, gāmantarakappo”ti?∥“Is the next-village practice allowable?”—“What’s the next-village practice?”—“When you have finished your meal and refused an invitation to eat more, is it allowable to eat non-leftover food if you intend to go to the next village?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Sāvatthī, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession for eating what isn’t left over.”

2.8.34“Ko so, āvuso, gāmantarakappo”ti?2.8.35“Kappati, bhante—idāni gāmantaraṁ gamissāmīti—bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṁ bhojanaṁ bhuñjitun”ti?

2.8.36“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.37“Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.38“Sāvatthiyaṁ, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.39“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.40“Anatirittabhojane pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.45“Kappati, bhante, āvāsakappo”ti?∥“Is the many-monasteries practice allowable?”—“What’s the many-monasteries practice?”—“When there are a number of monasteries within the same monastery zone, is it allowable to do the observance-day ceremony separately?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Rājagaha, in what’s connected to the observance-day ceremony.”—“What was committed?”—“An act of wrong conduct for going beyond the Monastic Law.”¹⁴

2.8.46“Ko so, āvuso, āvāsakappo”ti?

2.8.47“Kappati, bhante, sambahulā āvāsā samānasīmā nānuposathaṁ kātun”ti.

2.8.48“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.49“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.50“Rājagahe, uposathasaṁyutte”ti.

2.8.51“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.52“Vinayātisāre dukkaṭan”ti.

2.8.57“Kappati, bhante, anumatikappo”ti?∥“Is the consent practice allowable?”—“What’s the consent practice?”—“Is it allowable to do a legal procedure with an incomplete Sangha, with the intention of getting consent from the absent monks afterwards?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“In the section on Those from Campā, in the Monastic Law.”—“What was committed?”—“An act of wrong conduct for going beyond the Monastic Law.”

2.8.58“Ko so, āvuso, anumatikappo”ti?

2.8.59“Kappati, bhante, vaggena saṅghena kammaṁ kātuṁ—2.8.60āgate bhikkhū anumānessāmā”ti?

2.8.61“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.62PTS 2.307“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.63“Campeyyake, vinayavatthusmin”ti.

2.8.64“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.65“Vinayātisāre dukkaṭan”ti.

2.8.70“Kappati, bhante, āciṇṇakappo”ti?“Are customary practices allowable?”—“What are customary practices?”—“Is it allowable to follow the practices of one’s preceptors or teachers?”—“Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn’t.”

2.8.71“Ko so, āvuso, āciṇṇakappo”ti?

2.8.72“Kappati, bhante—2.8.73idaṁ me upajjhāyena ajjhāciṇṇaṁ, idaṁ me ācariyena ajjhāciṇṇaṁ—2.8.74taṁ ajjhācaritun”ti?

2.8.75“Āciṇṇakappo kho, āvuso, ekacco kappati, ekacco na kappatī”ti.

2.8.80“Kappati, bhante, amathitakappo”ti?∥“Is the unchurned practice allowable?”—“What’s the unchurned practice?”—“When you have finished your meal and refused an invitation to eat more, is it allowable to drink that which is halfway between milk and curd, if it isn’t leftover?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Sāvatthī, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession for eating what isn’t left over.”

2.8.81“Ko so, āvuso, amathitakappo”ti?

2.8.82“Kappati, bhante, yaṁ taṁ khīraṁ khīrabhāvaṁ vijahitaṁ, asampattaṁ dadhibhāvaṁ, taṁ bhuttāvinā pavāritena anatirittaṁ pātun”ti?

2.8.83“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.84“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.85“Sāvatthiyaṁ, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.86“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.87“Anatirittabhojane pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.92“Kappati, bhante, jaḷogiṁ pātun”ti?∥“Is palm-juice drinking allowable?”—“What’s palm juice?”—“Is it allowable to drink that which has started to ferment, but which hasn’t yet become a proper alcoholic drink?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Kosambī, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession for drinking alcohol.”

2.8.93“Kā sā, āvuso, jaḷogī”ti?

2.8.94“Kappati, bhante, yā sā surā āsutā asampattā majjabhāvaṁ, sā pātun”ti?

2.8.95“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.96“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.97“Kosambiyaṁ, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.98“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti.

2.8.99“Surāmerayapāne pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.104“Kappati, bhante, adasakaṁ nisīdanan”ti?∥“Are sitting mats without borders allowable?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Sāvatthī, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession in relation to the rule concerning cutting.”¹⁵

2.8.105“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.106“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti?

2.8.107“Sāvatthiyaṁ, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.108“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.109“Chedanake pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.114“Kappati, bhante, jātarūparajatan”ti?∥“Is gold, silver, or money allowable?”—“No.”—“Where was it prohibited?”—“At Rājagaha, in the analysis of the Monastic Code.”—“What was committed?”—“An offense entailing confession for receiving gold, silver, or money.”

2.8.115“Nāvuso, kappatī”ti.

2.8.116“ Kattha paṭikkhittan”ti.

2.8.117“Rājagahe, suttavibhaṅge”ti.

2.8.118“Kiṁ āpajjatī”ti?

2.8.119“Jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇe pācittiyan”ti.

2.8.129Atha kho āyasmā revato āyasmantaṁ sabbakāmiṁ saṅghamajjhepi imāni dasa vatthūni pucchi.Revata then asked Sabbakāmī about the ten practices in the midst of the Sangha.2.8.130Puṭṭho puṭṭho āyasmā sabbakāmī vissajjesi.And Sabbakāmī was able to reply to each and every question.

2.9.1Imāya kho pana vinayasaṅgītiyā satta bhikkhusatāni anūnāni anadhikāni ahesuṁ, tasmāyaṁ vinayasaṅgīti “sattasatikā”ti vuccatīti.At this communal recitation of the Monastic Law there were seven hundred monks, neither more nor less. This is why this communal recitation is called “The group of seven hundred”.

2.9.2PTS 2.308Sattasatikakkhandhako dvādasamo. Imamhi khandhake vatthū pañcavīsati.The twelfth chapter on the second council is finished. In this chapter there are twenty-five topics.

2.9.16Sattasatikakkhandhako niṭṭhito.The chapter on the second council is finished.

2.9.17Cūḷavaggo niṭṭhito.The Small Division is finished.

2.9.18Cūḷavaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.The canonical text of the Small Division is finished.