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SN 22.102PTS SN 3.1553 min read

The Perception of Impermanence

Aniccasaññāsutta

The perception of impermanence eliminates lust, ignorance, and conceit. Illustrated with a long series of similes.

Translated by Bhikkhu Sujato · Pāli: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka · Public domain (CC0) via SuttaCentral

  • 0.1Saṁyutta Nikāya 22.102Linked Discourses 22.102
  • 0.210. Pupphavagga10. Flowers

0.3AniccasaññāsuttaThe Perception of Impermanence

1.1Sāvatthinidānaṁ.At Sāvatthī.

1.2“Aniccasaññā, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ rūparāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ bhavarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ avijjaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.“Mendicants, when the perception of impermanence is developed and cultivated it eliminates all desire for sensual pleasures, for rebirth in the realm of luminous form, and for rebirth in a future life. It eliminates all ignorance and eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.1

2.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, saradasamaye kassako mahānaṅgalena kasanto sabbāni mūlasantānakāni sampadālento kasati;In the autumn, a farmer ploughing with a large plough shears through all the root networks.2.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ rūparāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ bhavarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ avijjaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

3.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pabbajalāyako pabbajaṁ lāyitvā agge gahetvā odhunāti niddhunāti nicchoṭeti;A reed-cutter, having cut the reeds, grabs them at the top and shakes them down, shakes them about, and flails them about.23.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

4.1PTS 3.156Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ambapiṇḍiyā vaṇṭacchinnāya yāni tattha ambāni vaṇṭapaṭibandhāni sabbāni tāni tadanvayāni bhavanti;When the stalk of a bunch of mangoes is cut, all the mangoes attached to the stalk will follow along.34.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

5.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa yā kāci gopānasiyo sabbā tā kūṭaṅgamā kūṭaninnā kūṭasamosaraṇā, kūṭaṁ tāsaṁ aggamakkhāyati;The rafters of a bungalow all lean to the peak, slope to the peak, and meet at the peak, so the peak is said to be the topmost of them all.45.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

6.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci mūlagandhā kāḷānusārigandho tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati;Of all kinds of fragrant root, spikenard is said to be the best.6.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

7.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci sāragandhā, lohitacandanaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati;Of all kinds of fragrant heartwood, red sandalwood is said to be the best.7.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

8.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci pupphagandhā, vassikaṁ tesaṁ aggamakkhāyati;Of all kinds of fragrant flower, jasmine is said to be the best.8.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

9.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ye keci kuṭṭarājāno, sabbete rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā bhavanti, rājā tesaṁ cakkavatti aggamakkhāyati;All lesser kings are vassals of a wheel-turning monarch, so the wheel-turning monarch is said to be the foremost of them all.9.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

10.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci tārakarūpānaṁ pabhā, sabbā tā candimappabhāya kalaṁ nāgghanti soḷasiṁ, candappabhā tāsaṁ aggamakkhāyati;The radiance of all the stars is not worth a sixteenth part of the moon’s radiance, so the moon’s radiance is said to be the best of them all.10.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

11.1Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve ādicco nataṁ abbhussakkamāno, sabbaṁ ākāsagataṁ tamagataṁ abhivihacca bhāsate ca tapate ca virocate ca;In the autumn, the heavens are sunny and cloudless. And as the sun is rising to the firmament, having dispelled all the darkness of space, it shines and glows and dazzles.11.2evameva kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ rūparāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ bhavarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ avijjaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati.In the same way, when the perception of impermanence is developed and cultivated it eliminates all desire for sensual pleasures, for rebirth in the realm of luminous form, and for rebirth in a future life. It eliminates all ignorance and eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.

12.1PTS 3.157Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā kathaṁ bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati …pe… sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanati?And how is the perception of impermanence developed and cultivated so that … it eradicates all conceit ‘I am’?12.2‘Iti rūpaṁ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo;‘Such is form, such is the origin of form, such is the disappearance of form.12.3iti vedanā …Such is feeling …12.4iti saññā …Such is perception …12.5iti saṅkhārā …Such are choices …12.6iti viññāṇaṁ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti—Such is consciousness, such is the origin of consciousness, such is the disappearance of consciousness.’

12.7evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, aniccasaññā evaṁ bahulīkatā sabbaṁ kāmarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ rūparāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ bhavarāgaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ avijjaṁ pariyādiyati, sabbaṁ asmimānaṁ samūhanatī”ti.That’s how the perception of impermanence is developed and cultivated so that it eliminates all desire for sensual pleasures, for rebirth in the realm of luminous form, and for rebirth in a future life. That’s how it eliminates all ignorance and eradicates all conceit ‘I am’.”

12.8Dasamaṁ.

12.9Pupphavaggo pañcamo.

13.0Tassuddānaṁ

13.1Nadī pupphañca pheṇañca,13.2gomayañca nakhāsikhaṁ;13.3Suddhikaṁ dve ca gaddulā,13.4vāsījaṭaṁ aniccatāti.

13.5Majjhimapaṇṇāsako samatto.

14.0Tassa majjhimapaṇṇāsakassa vagguddānaṁ

14.1Upayo arahanto ca,14.2khajjanī therasavhayaṁ;14.3Pupphavaggena paṇṇāsa,14.4dutiyo tena vuccatīti.

Translator’s notes

  1. The appearance here of both rūparāga and bhavarāga is unusual. Normally we would expect rūparāga and arūparāga, both of which are forms of bhavarāga.

    ↩ sn22.102:1.2
  2. For nicchoṭeti (“flail about”) see Sanskrit kṣud (“shake, flail”), from which Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit chorayati (“clear away, cast off”). This, along with several other of these similes, is in AN 6.53.

    ↩ sn22.102:3.1
  3. Also at DN 1:3.73.4 and AN 6.53:7.1, this metaphor is found at Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad 4.3.36, where it refers to the separation of the self from the body at death.

    ↩ sn22.102:4.1
  4. These seven similes are applied differently at SN 41.141–47.

    ↩ sn22.102:5.1