1.1Sāvatthinidānaṁ.At Sāvatthī.

1.2Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā rādho bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:Seated to one side, Venerable Rādha said to the Buddha:

1.3“‘dukkhadhammo, dukkhadhammo’ti, bhante, vuccati.“Sir, they speak of having ‘suffering nature’.1.4Katamo nu kho, bhante, dukkhadhammo”ti?What is of a nature to suffer?”

1.5“Rūpaṁ kho, rādha, dukkhadhammo, vedanā dukkhadhammo, saññā dukkhadhammo, saṅkhārā dukkhadhammo, viññāṇaṁ dukkhadhammo.“Rādha, form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are of a nature to suffer.

1.6Evaṁ passaṁ …pe…Seeing this …1.7nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānātī”ti.They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’”

1.8Chaṭṭhaṁ.