1.1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—So I have heard.1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe.At one time the Buddha was staying in a forest near Icchānaṅgala.1.3Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā icchānaṅgale paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṁ—Now at that time several very well-known well-to-do brahmins were residing in Icchānaṅgala. They included1.4caṅkī brāhmaṇo, tārukkho brāhmaṇo, pokkharasāti brāhmaṇo, jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo, todeyyo brāhmaṇo, aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā.the brahmins Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti, Jānussoṇi, Todeyya, and others.1.5Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājānaṁ māṇavānaṁ jaṅghāvihāraṁ anucaṅkamantānaṁ anuvicarantānaṁ ayamantarākathā udapādi:Then as the students Vāseṭṭha and Bhāradvāja were going for a walk they began to discuss the question:1.6“kathaṁ, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī”ti?“How do you become a brahmin?”

2.1Bhāradvājo māṇavo evamāha:Bhāradvāja said this:2.2“yato kho, bho, ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena,“When you’re well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation—2.3ettāvatā kho bho brāhmaṇo hotī”ti.then you’re a brahmin.”

3.1Vāseṭṭho māṇavo evamāha:Vāseṭṭha said this:3.2“yato kho, bho, sīlavā ca hoti vatasampanno ca,“When you’re ethical and accomplished in doing your duties—¹3.3ettāvatā kho, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī”ti.then you’re a brahmin.”3.4Neva kho asakkhi bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhaṁ māṇavaṁ saññāpetuṁ, na pana asakkhi vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṁ māṇavaṁ saññāpetuṁ.But neither was able to persuade the other.

4.1Atha kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṁ māṇavaṁ āmantesi:So Vāseṭṭha said to Bhāradvāja,4.2“ayaṁ kho, bho bhāradvāja, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe;“Worthy Bhāradvāja, the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—is staying in a forest near Icchānaṅgala.4.3taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:He has this good reputation:4.4‘itipi …pe… buddho bhagavā’ti.‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’4.5Āyāma, bho bhāradvāja, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ etamatthaṁ pucchissāma.Come, let’s go to see him and ask him about this matter.4.6Yathā no samaṇo gotamo byākarissati tathā naṁ dhāressāmā”ti.As he answers, so we’ll remember it.”4.7“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhassa māṇavassa paccassosi.“Yes, worthy sir,” replied Bhāradvāja.

5.1Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu.So they went to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him.5.2Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.When the greetings and polite conversation were over, they sat down to one side,5.3Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhagavantaṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:and Vāseṭṭha addressed the Buddha in verse:

6.1“Anuññātapaṭiññātā,“We’re both authorized masters6.2tevijjā mayamasmubho;of the three Vedas.6.3Ahaṁ pokkharasātissa,I’m a student of Pokkharasāti,6.4tārukkhassāyaṁ māṇavo.and he of Tārukkha.

7.1Tevijjānaṁ yadakkhātaṁ,We’re fully qualified7.2Tatra kevalinosmase;in all the Vedic experts teach.7.3Padakasma veyyākaraṇā,As philologists and grammarians,7.4Jappe ācariyasādisā.we match our tutors in recitation.

8.1Tesaṁ no jātivādasmiṁ,We have a dispute8.2vivādo atthi gotama;regarding genealogy.8.3Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti,For Bhāradvāja says that8.4bhāradvājo iti bhāsati;one is a brahmin due to birth,8.5Ahañca kammunā brūmi,but I declare it’s because of one’s deeds.8.6evaṁ jānāhi cakkhuma.Oh Clear-eyed One, know this as our debate.

9.1Te na sakkoma saññāpetuṁ,Since neither of us was able9.2aññamaññaṁ mayaṁ ubho;to convince the other,9.3Bhavantaṁ puṭṭhumāgamhā,we’ve come to ask you, sir,9.4sambuddhaṁ iti vissutaṁ.renowned as the awakened one.

10.1Candaṁ yathā khayātītaṁ,As people honor with cupped palms10.2pecca pañjalikā janā;the moon on the cusp of waxing,10.3Vandamānā namassanti,bowing, they revere10.4evaṁ lokasmi gotamaṁ.Gotama in the world.

11.1Cakkhuṁ loke samuppannaṁ,We ask this of Gotama,11.2mayaṁ pucchāma gotamaṁ;the Eye arisen in the world:²11.3Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti,is one a brahmin due to birth,11.4udāhu bhavati kammunā;or else because of deeds?11.5Ajānataṁ no pabrūhi,We don’t know, please tell us,11.6yathā jānemu brāhmaṇaṁ”.so we can recognize a brahmin.”

12.1“Tesaṁ vo ahaṁ byakkhissaṁ,“I shall explain to you,”12.2(vāseṭṭhāti bhagavā)said the Buddha,12.3Anupubbaṁ yathātathaṁ;“accurately and in sequence,12.4Jātivibhaṅgaṁ pāṇānaṁ,the taxonomy of living creatures,12.5Aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

13.1Tiṇarukkhepi jānātha,Know the grass and trees,13.2na cāpi paṭijānare;though they lack self-awareness.13.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,13.4aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

14.1Tato kīṭe paṭaṅge ca,Next there are bugs that crawl or fly,14.2yāva kunthakipillike;and so on, to ants and termites.14.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,14.4aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

15.1Catuppadepi jānātha,Know the quadrupeds, too,15.2Khuddake ca mahallake;both small and large.15.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,15.4Aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

16.1Pādūdarepi jānātha,Know, too, the long-backed snakes,16.2Urage dīghapiṭṭhike;crawling on their bellies.16.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,16.4Aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

17.1Tato macchepi jānātha,Next know the fish,17.2Odake vārigocare;whose habitat is the water.17.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,17.4Aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

18.1Tato pakkhīpi jānātha,Next know the birds,18.2Pattayāne vihaṅgame;winged chariots in flight.³18.3Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ tesaṁ,They’re defined by birth,18.4Aññamaññā hi jātiyo.for species are indeed diverse.

19.1Yathā etāsu jātīsu,While the differences between these species19.2Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ puthu;are defined by birth,19.3Evaṁ natthi manussesu,the differences between humans19.4Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ puthu.are not defined by birth.

20.1Na kesehi na sīsena,Not by hair nor by head,20.2Na kaṇṇehi na akkhibhi;not by ear nor by eye,20.3Na mukhena na nāsāya,not by mouth nor by nose,20.4Na oṭṭhehi bhamūhi vā.not by lips nor by eyebrow,

21.1Na gīvāya na aṁsehi,not by shoulder nor by neck,21.2Na udarena na piṭṭhiyā;not by belly nor by back,21.3Na soṇiyā na urasā,not by buttocks nor by breast,21.4Na sambādhe na methune.not by groin nor by genitals,

22.1Na hatthehi na pādehi,not by hands nor by feet,22.2Nāṅgulīhi nakhehi vā;not by fingers nor by nails,22.3Na jaṅghāhi na ūrūhi,not by knees nor by thighs,22.4Na vaṇṇena sarena vā;not by color nor by voice:22.5Liṅgaṁ jātimayaṁ neva,none of these are defined by birth22.6Yathā aññāsu jātisu.as it is for other species.

23.1Paccattañca sarīresu,In specific human bodies23.2Manussesvetaṁ na vijjati;you can’t find such distinctions.23.3Vokārañca manussesu,The distinctions among humans23.4Samaññāya pavuccati.are spoken of by convention.

24.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans24.2Gorakkhaṁ upajīvati;who lives off keeping cattle:24.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,24.4Kassako so na brāhmaṇo.as a farmer, not a brahmin.

25.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans25.2Puthusippena jīvati;who lives off various professions:25.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,25.4Sippiko so na brāhmaṇo.as a professional, not a brahmin.

26.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans26.2Vohāraṁ upajīvati;who lives off trade:26.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,26.4Vāṇijo so na brāhmaṇo.as a trader, not a brahmin.

27.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans27.2Parapessena jīvati;who lives off serving others:27.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,27.4Pessiko so na brāhmaṇo.as a servant, not a brahmin.

28.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans28.2Adinnaṁ upajīvati;who lives off stealing:28.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,28.4Coro eso na brāhmaṇo.as a bandit, not a brahmin.

29.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans29.2Issatthaṁ upajīvati;who lives off archery:29.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,29.4Yodhājīvo na brāhmaṇo.as a warrior, not a brahmin.

30.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans30.2Porohiccena jīvati;who lives off priesthood:30.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,30.4Yājako eso na brāhmaṇo.as a sacrificer, not a brahmin.

31.1Yo hi koci manussesu,Anyone among humans31.2Gāmaṁ raṭṭhañca bhuñjati;who taxes village and nation,31.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,31.4Rājā eso na brāhmaṇo.as a ruler, not a brahmin.

32.1Na cāhaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ brūmi,I don’t call someone a brahmin32.2Yonijaṁ mattisambhavaṁ;after the mother’s womb they’re born from.32.3Bhovādi nāma so hoti,If they still have attachments,32.4Sace hoti sakiñcano;they’re just someone who says ‘worthy’.32.5Akiñcanaṁ anādānaṁ,Having nothing, taking nothing:32.6Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

33.1Sabbasaṁyojanaṁ chetvā,Having cut off all fetters33.2Yo ve na paritassati;they have no anxiety;33.3Saṅgātigaṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,they’ve slipped their chains and are detached:33.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

34.1Chetvā naddhiṁ varattañca,They’ve cut the strap and harness,34.2Sandānaṁ sahanukkamaṁ;the halter and bridle too;34.3Ukkhittapalighaṁ buddhaṁ,with cross-bar lifted, they’re awakened:34.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

35.1Akkosaṁ vadhabandhañca,Abuse, killing, caging:35.2Aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;they endure these without anger.35.3Khantībalaṁ balānīkaṁ,Patience is their powerful army:35.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

36.1Akkodhanaṁ vatavantaṁ,Not irritable or pretentious,36.2Sīlavantaṁ anussadaṁ;dutiful in precepts and observances,36.3Dantaṁ antimasārīraṁ,tamed, bearing their final body:36.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

37.1Vāri pokkharapatteva,Like water from a lotus leaf,37.2Āraggeriva sāsapo;like a mustard seed off the point of a pin,37.3Yo na limpati kāmesu,sensual pleasures slip off them:37.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

38.1Yo dukkhassa pajānāti,They understand for themselves38.2Idheva khayamattano;the end of suffering in this life;38.3Pannabhāraṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,with burden put down, detached:38.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

39.1Gambhīrapaññaṁ medhāviṁ,Deep in wisdom, intelligent,39.2Maggāmaggassa kovidaṁ;expert in the path and what is not the path;39.3Uttamatthamanuppattaṁ,arrived at the highest goal:39.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

40.1Asaṁsaṭṭhaṁ gahaṭṭhehi,Mixing with neither40.2Anāgārehi cūbhayaṁ;householders nor the homeless;40.3Anokasārimappicchaṁ,a migrant with no bastion, few in wishes:40.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

41.1Nidhāya daṇḍaṁ bhūtesu,They’ve laid aside violence41.2Tasesu thāvaresu ca;against creatures firm and frail;41.3Yo na hanti na ghāteti,not killing or making others kill:41.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

42.1Aviruddhaṁ viruddhesu,Not fighting among those who fight,42.2Attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṁ;quenched among those who have taken up arms,42.3Sādānesu anādānaṁ,not grasping among those who grasp:42.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

43.1Yassa rāgo ca doso ca,They’ve discarded greed and hate,43.2Māno makkho ca pātito;along with conceit and contempt,43.3Sāsaporiva āraggā,like a mustard seed off the point of a pin:43.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

44.1Akakkasaṁ viññāpaniṁ,The words they utter44.2Giraṁ saccamudīraye;are polished, informative, and true,44.3Yāya nābhisaje kañci,and don’t offend anyone:44.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

45.1Yodha dīghaṁ va rassaṁ vā,They don’t steal anything in the world,45.2Aṇuṁ thūlaṁ subhāsubhaṁ;long or short,45.3Loke adinnaṁ nādiyati,tiny or huge, beautiful or ugly:45.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

46.1Āsā yassa na vijjanti,They have no hope46.2Asmiṁ loke paramhi ca;for this world or the next;46.3Nirāsāsaṁ visaṁyuttaṁ,with no need for hope, detached:46.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

47.1Yassālayā na vijjanti,They have no clinging,47.2Aññāya akathaṅkathī;knowledge has freed them of indecision,47.3Amatogadhamanuppattaṁ,they’ve arrived at the objective, freedom from death:47.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

48.1Yodha puññañca pāpañca,They’ve escaped clinging48.2Ubho saṅgamupaccagā;to both good and bad deeds;48.3Asokaṁ virajaṁ suddhaṁ,sorrowless, stainless, pure:48.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

49.1Candaṁva vimalaṁ suddhaṁ,Pure as the spotless moon,49.2Vippasannamanāvilaṁ;clear and unclouded,49.3Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,they’ve ended relish for rebirth:49.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

50.1Yomaṁ palipathaṁ duggaṁ,They’ve got past this grueling swamp50.2Saṁsāraṁ mohamaccagā;of delusion, transmigration.50.3Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī,Meditating in stillness, free of indecision,50.4Anejo akathaṅkathī;they have crossed over to the far shore.50.5Anupādāya nibbuto,They’re quenched by not grasping:50.6Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

51.1Yodha kāme pahantvāna,They’ve given up sensual pleasures,51.2Anāgāro paribbaje;and have gone forth from lay life;51.3Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,they’ve ended rebirth in the sensual realm:51.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

52.1Yodha taṇhaṁ pahantvāna,They’ve given up craving,52.2Anāgāro paribbaje;and have gone forth from lay life;52.3Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṁ,they’ve ended craving to be reborn:52.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

53.1Hitvā mānusakaṁ yogaṁ,They’ve thrown off the human yoke,53.2Dibbaṁ yogaṁ upaccagā;and slipped out of the heavenly yoke;53.3Sabbayogavisaṁyuttaṁ,unyoked from all yokes:53.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

54.1Hitvā ratiñca aratiṁ,Giving up desire and discontent,54.2Sītibhūtaṁ nirūpadhiṁ;they’re cooled and free of attachments;54.3Sabbalokābhibhuṁ vīraṁ,a hero, master of the whole world:54.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

55.1Cutiṁ yo vedi sattānaṁ,They know the passing away55.2Upapattiñca sabbaso;and rebirth of all beings;55.3Asattaṁ sugataṁ buddhaṁ,unattached, holy, awakened:55.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

56.1Yassa gatiṁ na jānanti,Gods, centaurs, and humans56.2Devā gandhabbamānusā;don’t know their destiny;56.3Khīṇāsavaṁ arahantaṁ,the perfected ones with defilements ended:56.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

57.1Yassa pure ca pacchā ca,They have nothing before or after,57.2Majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṁ;or even in between.57.3Akiñcanaṁ anādānaṁ,Having nothing, taking nothing:57.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

58.1Usabhaṁ pavaraṁ vīraṁ,Captain of the herd, excellent hero,58.2Mahesiṁ vijitāvinaṁ;great seer and victor;58.3Anejaṁ nhātakaṁ buddhaṁ,unstirred, washed, awakened:58.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

59.1Pubbenivāsaṁ yo vedi,They who know their past lives,59.2Saggāpāyañca passati;see heaven and places of loss,59.3Atho jātikkhayaṁ patto,and have attained the ending of rebirth,59.4Tamahaṁ brūmi brāhmaṇaṁ.that’s who I declare a brahmin.

60.1Samaññā hesā lokasmiṁ,For name and clan are formulated60.2Nāmagottaṁ pakappitaṁ;as mere convention in the world.60.3Sammuccā samudāgataṁ,Produced by mutual agreement,60.4Tattha tattha pakappitaṁ.they’re formulated in each case.

61.1Dīgharattamanusayitaṁ,For a long time this misconception61.2Diṭṭhigatamajānataṁ;has prejudiced those who don’t understand.61.3Ajānantā no pabruvanti,Ignorant, they declare61.4Jātiyā hoti brāhmaṇo.that one is a brahmin by birth.

62.1Na jaccā brāhmaṇo hoti,You’re not a brahmin by birth,62.2Na jaccā hoti abrāhmaṇo;nor by birth a non-brahmin.62.3Kammunā brāhmaṇo hoti,You’re a brahmin by your deeds,62.4Kammunā hoti abrāhmaṇo.and by deeds a non-brahmin.

63.1Kassako kammunā hoti,You’re a farmer by your deeds,63.2Sippiko hoti kammunā;by deeds you’re a professional;63.3Vāṇijo kammunā hoti,you’re a trader by your deeds,63.4Pessiko hoti kammunā.by deeds are you a servant;

64.1Coropi kammunā hoti,you’re a bandit by your deeds,64.2Yodhājīvopi kammunā;by deeds you’re a warrior;64.3Yājako kammunā hoti,you’re a sacrificer by your deeds,64.4Rājāpi hoti kammunā.by deeds you’re a ruler.

65.1Evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ,In this way the astute regard deeds65.2Kammaṁ passanti paṇḍitā;in accord with truth.65.3Paṭiccasamuppādadassā,Seeing dependent origination,65.4Kammavipākakovidā.they’re expert in deeds and their results.

66.1Kammunā vattati loko,Deeds make the world go on,66.2Kammunā vattati pajā;deeds make people go on;66.3Kammanibandhanā sattā,sentient beings are bound by deeds,66.4Rathassāṇīva yāyato.like a moving chariot’s linchpin.

67.1Tapena brahmacariyena,By fervor and spiritual practice,67.2Saṁyamena damena ca;by restraint and by self-control:67.3Etena brāhmaṇo hoti,that’s how to become a brahmin,67.4Etaṁ brāhmaṇamuttamaṁ.this is the supreme brahmin.

68.1Tīhi vijjāhi sampanno,Accomplished in the three knowledges,68.2santo khīṇapunabbhavo;peaceful, with rebirth ended,68.3Evaṁ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,know them, Vāseṭṭha,68.4brahmā sakko vijānatan”ti.as the Divinity and Sakka to the wise.”

69.1Evaṁ vutte, vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:When he had spoken, Vāseṭṭha and Bhāradvāja said to him,69.2“abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama …pe…“Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! …69.3upāsake no bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṁ gate”ti.From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember us as lay followers who have gone for refuge for life.”

69.4Vāseṭṭhasuttaṁ navamaṁ.