- 0.1Dīgha Nikāya 31Long Discourses 31
0.2SiṅgālasuttaAdvice to Sigālaka
1.1PTS 3.180Evaṁ me sutaṁ—So I have heard.1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.1.3Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassati—Now at that time the householder’s son Sigālaka rose early and left Rājagaha. With his clothes and hair all wet, he raised his cupped palms to revere the various quarters—11.4puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ.east, south, west, north, below, and above.2
2.1PTS 3.181Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms.2.2Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṁ allakesaṁ pañjalikaṁ puthudisā namassantaṁ—He saw Sigālaka revering the various quarters2.3puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disaṁ.2.4Disvā siṅgālakaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ etadavoca:and said to him,2.5“kiṁ nu kho tvaṁ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi—“Householder’s son, why are you revering the various quarters in this way?”2.6puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti?
2.7“Pitā maṁ, bhante, kālaṁ karonto evaṁ avaca:“Sir, on his deathbed my father said to me:2.8‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti.‘My dear, please revere the quarters.’32.9So kho ahaṁ, bhante, pituvacanaṁ sakkaronto garuṁ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi—Honoring, respecting, and venerating my father’s words, I rose early and left Rājagaha and, with my clothes and hair all wet, raised my cupped palms to revere the various quarters—2.10puratthimaṁ disaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pacchimaṁ disaṁ uttaraṁ disaṁ heṭṭhimaṁ disaṁ uparimaṁ disan”ti.east, south, west, north, below, and above.”
2.11.01. Cha disā1. The Six Directions
2.12“Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṁ cha disā namassitabbā”ti.“Householder’s son, that’s not how the six directions should be revered in the training of the Noble One.”4
2.13“Yathā kathaṁ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā?“But sir, how should the six directions be revered in the training of the Noble One?2.14Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṁ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā namassitabbā”ti.Sir, please teach me this.”
2.15“Tena hi, gahapatiputta, suṇohi sādhukaṁ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī”ti.“Well then, householder’s son, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”
2.16“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi.“Yes, sir,” replied Sigālaka.2.17Bhagavā etadavoca:The Buddha said this:
3.1“Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṁ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī“Householder’s son, a noble disciple gives up four corrupt deeds, doesn’t do bad deeds on four grounds, and avoids six drains on wealth. When they’ve left these fourteen bad things behind they have the six directions covered.53.2ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko.They’re practicing to win in both worlds, and they succeed in this world and the next.3.3So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati.When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.
3.4.02. Cattāro kammakilesā2. Four Corrupt Deeds
3.5Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti?What four corrupt deeds have they given up?63.6Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṁ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso.Killing living creatures, stealing, sexual misconduct, and lying: these are corrupt deeds.3.7Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī”ti.These are the four corrupt deeds they’ve given up.”
3.8Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.3.9Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
4.1PTS 3.182“Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṁ,“Killing, stealing,4.2Musāvādo ca vuccati;telling lies,4.3Paradāragamanañceva,and committing adultery:4.4Nappasaṁsanti paṇḍitā”ti.astute people don’t praise these things.”
5.03. Catuṭhānaṁ3. Four Grounds
5.1“Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karoti?“On what four grounds do they not do bad deeds?75.2Chandāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, dosāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, mohāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti, bhayāgatiṁ gacchanto pāpakammaṁ karoti.One does bad deeds prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice.5.3Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṁ gacchati, na dosāgatiṁ gacchati, na mohāgatiṁ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṁ gacchati;When a noble disciple is not prejudiced by favoritism, hostility, stupidity, and cowardice,5.4imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṁ na karotī”ti.they don’t do bad deeds on these four grounds.”
5.5Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.5.6Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
6.1“Chandā dosā bhayā mohā,“If you act against the teaching6.2yo dhammaṁ ativattati;out of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, or stupidity,6.3Nihīyati yaso tassa,your fame shrinks,6.4kāḷapakkheva candimā.like the moon in the waning fortnight.
6.5Chandā dosā bhayā mohā,If you don’t act against the teaching6.6yo dhammaṁ nātivattati;out of favoritism, hostility, cowardice, and stupidity,6.7Āpūrati yaso tassa,your fame swells,6.8sukkapakkheva candimā”ti.like the moon in the waxing fortnight.”
7.04. Cha apāyamukhāni4. Six Drains on Wealth
7.1“Katamāni cha bhogānaṁ apāyamukhāni na sevati?“What six drains on wealth do they avoid?87.2Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, samajjābhicaraṇaṁ bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ, ālasyānuyogo bhogānaṁ apāyamukhaṁ.Habitually engaging in the following things is a drain on wealth: beer, wine, and liquor intoxicants; roaming the street markets at night; frequenting festivals; gambling; bad friends; laziness.9
8.05. Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā5. Six Drawbacks of Drinking
8.1PTS 3.183Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.There are these six drawbacks of habitually consuming intoxicants of beer, wine, and liquor.108.2Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṁ āyatanaṁ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṁsanī, paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṁ padaṁ bhavati.Immediate loss of wealth, promotion of quarrels, susceptibility to illness, disrepute, indecent exposure; and weakened wisdom is the sixth thing.8.3Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.These are the six drawbacks of habitually consuming intoxicants of beer, wine, and liquor.
9.06. Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā6. Six Drawbacks of Roaming the Street Markets at Night
9.1Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.There are these six drawbacks of roaming the street markets at night.9.2Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyampissa aguttaṁ arakkhitaṁ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu, abhūtavacanañca tasmiṁ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṁ purakkhato hoti.Yourself, your partners and children, and your property are all left unguarded. You’re suspected of bad deeds. Untrue rumors spread about you. You’re at the forefront of many things that entail suffering.9.3Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.These are the six drawbacks of roaming the street markets at night.
10.07. Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā7. Six Drawbacks of Festivals
10.1Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.There are these six drawbacks of frequenting festivals.10.2Kva naccaṁ, kva gītaṁ, kva vāditaṁ, kva akkhānaṁ, kva pāṇissaraṁ, kva kumbhathunanti.You’re always thinking: ‘Where’s the dancing? Where’s the singing? Where’s the music? Where are the stories? Where’s the applause? Where are the kettledrums?’10.3Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.These are the six drawbacks of frequenting festivals.
11.08. Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā8. Six Drawbacks of Gambling
11.1Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.There are these six drawbacks of habitually gambling.11.2Jayaṁ veraṁ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa vacanaṁ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṁ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṁ apatthito hoti:Victory breeds enmity. The loser mourns their money. There is immediate loss of wealth. A gambler’s word carries no weight in public assembly. Friends and colleagues treat them with contempt. And no one wants to marry a gambler, for they think:11.3‘akkhadhutto ayaṁ purisapuggalo nālaṁ dārabharaṇāyā’ti.‘This individual is a gambler—they’re not able to support a partner.’11.4Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.These are the six drawbacks of habitually gambling.
12.09. Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā9. Six Drawbacks of Bad Friends
12.1PTS 3.184Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.There are these six drawbacks of bad friends.12.2Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā.You become friends and companions with those who are addicts, carousers, drunkards, frauds, swindlers, and thugs.12.3Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.These are the six drawbacks of bad friends.
13.010. Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā10. Six Drawbacks of Laziness
13.1Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge.There are these six drawbacks of habitual laziness.13.2Atisītanti kammaṁ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṁ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṁ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṁ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṁ na karoti.You don’t get your work done because you think: ‘It’s too cold! It’s too hot. It’s too late! It’s too early! I’m too hungry! I’m too full!’13.3Tassa evaṁ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṁ gacchanti.By dwelling on so many excuses for not working, you don’t make any more money, and the money you already have runs out.13.4Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge”ti.These are the six drawbacks of habitual laziness.”
13.5Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.13.6Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
14.1“Hoti pānasakhā nāma,“Some are just drinking buddies,14.2hoti sammiyasammiyo;some call you their dear, dear friend;14.3Yo ca atthesu jātesu,but a friend in times of need14.4sahāyo hoti so sakhā.is a comrade indeed.11
14.5Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,Sleeping late, adultery,14.6Verappasavo ca anatthatā ca;making enemies, harmfulness,14.7Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,bad friends, and avarice:14.8Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.these six grounds ruin a person.
14.9Pāpamitto pāpasakho,With bad friends, bad comrades,14.10pāpaācāragocaro;bad behavior and alms-resort,14.11Asmā lokā paramhā ca,a man falls to ruin14.12ubhayā dhaṁsate naro.in both this world and the next.
14.13Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṁ,Dice, women, toddy, song and dance;1214.14Divā soppaṁ pāricariyā akāle;sleeping by day and roaming at night;14.15Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,bad friends, and avarice:14.16Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṁ dhaṁsayanti.these six grounds ruin a person.
14.17PTS 3.185Akkhehi dibbanti suraṁ pivanti,They play dice and drink beer,14.18Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṁ;and consort with women loved by others.14.19Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī,Associating with the worse, not the better,14.20Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.they diminish like the waning moon.
14.21Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,One who is broke and destitute due to toddy,1314.22Pipāso pivaṁ papāgato;thirsty, drinking in the bar,14.23Udakamiva iṇaṁ vigāhati,drowning in debt,14.24Akulaṁ kāhiti khippamattano.will quickly lose their way.14
14.25Na divā soppasīlena,When you’re in the habit of sleeping late,14.26rattimuṭṭhānadessinā;seeing night as time to rise,14.27Niccaṁ mattena soṇḍena,and always getting drunk,14.28sakkā āvasituṁ gharaṁ.you can’t keep up the household life.
14.29Atisītaṁ atiuṇhaṁ,‘Too cold, too hot,14.30atisāyamidaṁ ahu;too late,’ they say.14.31Iti vissaṭṭhakammante,When the young neglect their work like this,14.32atthā accenti māṇave.riches pass them by.15
14.33Yodha sītañca uṇhañca,But one who considers heat and cold14.34tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;as no more than blades of grass—14.35Karaṁ purisakiccāni,he does his duties as a man,14.36so sukhaṁ na vihāyatī”ti.and happiness never fails.”
15.011. Mittapatirūpaka11. Fake Friends
15.1“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā.“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four enemies disguised as friends:15.2Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.the taker, the talker, the flatterer, the spender.
16.1PTS 3.186Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on four grounds.
16.2Aññadatthuharo hoti,Your possessions end up theirs.16.3appena bahumicchati;Giving little, they expect a lot.16.4Bhayassa kiccaṁ karoti,They do their duty out of fear.16.5sevati atthakāraṇā.They associate for their own advantage.
16.6Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all take on these four grounds.
17.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on four grounds.17.2Atītena paṭisantharati, anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṁ dasseti.They’re hospitable in the past. They’re hospitable in the future. They’re full of meaningless pleasantries. When something needs doing in the present they point to their own misfortune.17.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s all talk on these four grounds.
18.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on four grounds.18.2Pāpakampissa anujānāti, kalyāṇampissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṁ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṁ bhāsati.They support you equally in doing bad and doing good. They praise you to your face, and put you down behind your back.18.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a flatterer on these four grounds.
19.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on four grounds.19.2Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti.They accompany you when drinking, roaming the street markets at night, frequenting festivals, and gambling.19.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo”ti.You can recognize a fake friend who’s a spender on these four grounds.”
19.4Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.19.5Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
20.1“Aññadatthuharo mitto,“One friend is all take,20.2yo ca mitto vacīparo;another all talk;20.3Anuppiyañca yo āha,one’s just a flatterer,20.4apāyesu ca yo sakhā.and one’s a comrade who spends.
20.5Ete amitte cattāro,An astute person understands20.6iti viññāya paṇḍito;these four enemies for what they are20.7Ārakā parivajjeyya,and keeps them at a distance,20.8maggaṁ paṭibhayaṁ yathā”ti.as they’d shun a risky road.”
21.012. Suhadamitta12. Good-Hearted Friends
21.1PTS 3.187“Cattārome, gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā.“Householder’s son, you should recognize these four good-hearted friends:21.2Upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.the helper, the friend in good times and bad, the counselor, and the one who’s sympathetic.
22.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on four grounds.22.2Pamattaṁ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṁ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṁ bhogaṁ anuppadeti.They guard you when you’re negligent. They guard your property when you’re negligent. They keep you safe in times of danger. When something needs doing, they provide you with twice the money you need.22.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a helper on these four grounds.
23.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on four grounds.23.2Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṁpissa atthāya pariccattaṁ hoti.They tell you secrets. They keep your secrets. They don’t abandon you in times of trouble. They’d even give their life for your welfare.23.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s the same in good times and bad on these four grounds.
24.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on four grounds.24.2Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṁ sāveti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhati.They keep you from doing bad. They support you in doing good. They teach you what you do not know. They explain the path to heaven.24.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s a counselor on these four grounds.
25.1Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on four grounds.25.2Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṁ bhaṇamānaṁ pasaṁsati.They don’t delight in your misfortune. They delight in your good fortune. They keep others from criticizing you. They encourage praise of you.25.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo”ti.You can recognize a good-hearted friend who’s sympathetic on these four grounds.”
25.4Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.25.5Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
26.1PTS 3.188“Upakāro ca yo mitto,“A friend who’s a helper,26.2sukhe dukkhe ca yo sakhā;one the same in both pleasure and pain,26.3Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto,a friend of good counsel,26.4yo ca mittānukampako.and one of sympathy;
26.5Etepi mitte cattāro,an astute person understands26.6iti viññāya paṇḍito;these four friends for what they are26.7Sakkaccaṁ payirupāseyya,and carefully looks after them,26.8mātā puttaṁva orasaṁ;like a mother the child at her breast.26.9Paṇḍito sīlasampanno,The astute and virtuous26.10jalaṁ aggīva bhāsati.shine like a burning flame.
26.11Bhoge saṁharamānassa,They pick up riches as bees26.12bhamarasseva irīyato;roaming round pick up pollen.26.13Bhogā sannicayaṁ yanti,And their riches proceed to grow,26.14vammikovupacīyati.like a termite mound piling up.
26.15Evaṁ bhoge samāhatvā,In gathering wealth like this,26.16alamatto kule gihī;a householder does enough for their family.26.17Catudhā vibhaje bhoge,And they’d hold on to friends26.18sa ve mittāni ganthati.by dividing their wealth in four.
26.19Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya,One portion is to enjoy.26.20dvīhi kammaṁ payojaye;Two parts invest in work.26.21Catutthañca nidhāpeyya,And the fourth should be kept26.22āpadāsu bhavissatī”ti.for times of trouble.”
27.013. Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍa13. Covering the Six Directions
27.1PTS 3.189“Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti?“And how, householder’s son, does a noble disciple cover the six directions?1627.2Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā.These six directions should be recognized:27.3Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.parents as the east, tutors as the south, partner and children as the west, friends and colleagues as the north, bondservants and workers as beneath, and ascetics and brahmins as above.17
28.1Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A child should serve their parents as the eastern quarter in five ways, thinking:28.2bhato ne bharissāmi, kiccaṁ nesaṁ karissāmi, kulavaṁsaṁ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṁ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṁ kālaṅkatānaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ anuppadassāmīti.‘I will support those who supported me. I’ll do my duty for them. I’ll maintain the family lineage. I’ll take care of the inheritance. When they have passed away, I’ll make an offering on their behalf.’28.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti.Parents served by the children in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.28.4Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṁ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṁyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṁ niyyādenti.They keep them from doing bad. They support them in doing good. They train them in a profession. They connect them with a suitable partner. They transfer the inheritance in due time.28.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṁ anukampanti.Parents served by their children in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.28.6Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.And that’s how the eastern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
29.1PTS 3.190Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A pupil should serve their tutor as the southern quarter in five ways:29.2uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṁ sippapaṭiggahaṇena.by rising for them, by serving them, by listening well, by looking after them, and by carefully learning their profession.29.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti—Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in five ways.29.4suvinītaṁ vinenti, suggahitaṁ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṁ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti, disāsu parittāṇaṁ karonti.They make sure they’re well educated and well drilled in memorization. They clearly explain all the knowledge of the profession. They introduce them to their friends and colleagues. They provide protection in every region.1829.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṁ anukampanti.Tutors served by their pupils in these five ways show sympathy to them in these five ways.29.6Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.And that’s how the southern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
30.1Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A husband should serve his wife as the western quarter in five ways:30.2sammānanāya anavamānanāya anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena.by treating her with honor, by not looking down on her, by not being unfaithful, by relinquishing authority to her, and by presenting her with adornments.1930.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati—A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in five ways.30.4susaṁvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu.She’s well-organized in her work. She manages the domestic help. She’s not unfaithful. She preserves his earnings. She’s deft and tireless in all her duties.30.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṁ anukampati.A wife served by her husband in these five ways shows sympathy to him in these five ways.30.6Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.And that’s how the western quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
31.1Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A gentleman should serve his friends and colleagues as the northern quarter in five ways:31.2dānena peyyavajjena atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṁvādanatāya.giving, kindly words, taking care, equality, and not using tricky words.31.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.31.4pamattaṁ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṁ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṁ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti.They guard him when they’re negligent. They guard his property when they’re negligent. They keep him safe in times of danger. They don’t abandon him in times of trouble. They honor his descendants.31.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti.Friends and colleagues served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.31.6Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.And that’s how the northern quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
32.1PTS 3.191Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A master should serve their bondservants and workers as the lower quarter in five ways:32.2yathābalaṁ kammantasaṁvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṁ rasānaṁ saṁvibhāgena samaye vossaggena.by organizing work according to ability, by paying food and wages, by nursing them when sick, by sharing special treats, and by giving time off work.32.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti—Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in five ways.32.4pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca.They get up first, and go to bed last. They don’t steal. They do their work well. And they promote a good reputation.32.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṁ anukampanti.Bondservants and workers served by a master in these five ways show sympathy to him in these five ways.32.6Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.And that’s how the lower quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.
33.1Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā—A gentleman should serve ascetics and brahmins as the upper quarter in five ways:33.2mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena.by loving deeds of body, speech, and mind, by not turning them away at the gate, and by providing them with material needs.33.3Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti—Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in six ways.33.4pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṁ sāventi, sutaṁ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṁ ācikkhanti.They keep him from doing bad. They support him in doing good. They think of him with kindly thoughts. They teach him what he does not know. They clarify what he’s already learned. They explain the path to heaven.33.5Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṁ anukampanti.Ascetics and brahmins served by a gentleman in these five ways show sympathy to him in these six ways.33.6Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā”ti.And that’s how the upper quarter is covered, kept safe and free of peril.”
33.7Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.33.8Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:
34.1PTS 3.192“Mātāpitā disā pubbā,“Parents are the east,34.2ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;tutors the south,34.3Puttadārā disā pacchā,wives and child the west,34.4mittāmaccā ca uttarā.friends and colleagues the north,
34.5Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā,servants and workers below,34.6uddhaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;and ascetics and brahmins above.34.7Etā disā namasseyya,By honoring these quarters34.8alamatto kule gihī.a householder does enough for their family.
34.9Paṇḍito sīlasampanno,The astute and the virtuous,34.10saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;the gentle and the articulate,34.11Nivātavutti atthaddho,the placid in manner and the amenable:34.12tādiso labhate yasaṁ.they’re the kind who win glory.
34.13Uṭṭhānako analaso,The diligent, not lazy,34.14āpadāsu na vedhati;those not disturbed by troubles,34.15Acchinnavutti medhāvī,those consistent in conduct, the intelligent:34.16tādiso labhate yasaṁ.they’re the kind who win glory.
34.17Saṅgāhako mittakaro,The inclusive, the makers of friends,34.18vadaññū vītamaccharo;the bountiful, those rid of stinginess,34.19Netā vinetā anunetā,those who lead, train, and persuade:34.20tādiso labhate yasaṁ.they’re the kind who win glory.
34.21Dānañca peyyavajjañca,Giving and kindly words,34.22atthacariyā ca yā idha;taking care here,34.23Samānattatā ca dhammesu,and treating equally in worldly conditions,34.24tattha tattha yathārahaṁ;as they deserve in each case;34.25Ete kho saṅgahā loke,these ways of being inclusive in the world34.26rathassāṇīva yāyato.are like a moving chariot’s linchpin.
34.27Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu,If there were no such ways of being inclusive,34.28na mātā puttakāraṇā;neither mother nor father34.29Labhetha mānaṁ pūjaṁ vā,would be respected and honored34.30pitā vā puttakāraṇā.for what they’ve done for their children.
34.31PTS 3.193Yasmā ca saṅgahā ete,But since these ways of being inclusive do exist,34.32sammapekkhanti paṇḍitā;the astute do regard them well,34.33Tasmā mahattaṁ papponti,so they achieve greatness34.34pāsaṁsā ca bhavanti te”ti.and are praised.”
35.1Evaṁ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:When this was said, Sigālaka the householder’s son said to the Buddha,35.2“abhikkantaṁ, bhante, abhikkantaṁ, bhante.“Excellent, sir! Excellent!35.3Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, the Buddha has made the teaching clear in many ways.35.4Esāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.I go for refuge to the Buddha, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha.35.5Upāsakaṁ maṁ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gatan”ti.From this day forth, may the Buddha remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.”
35.6Siṅgālasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.