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Bu Pc 694 min read

69. Living with an ejected monk

Ukkhittasambhoga

A monk who lives with a monk who has been ejected for holding the view that things declared as obstructive by the Buddha are not actually obstructive must confess the offense.

Translated by Bhikkhu Brahmali · Pāli: Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka · Public domain (CC0) via SuttaCentral

  • 0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
  • 0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
  • 0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
  • 0.4SappāṇakavaggaThe subchapter on containing living beings

0.569. UkkhittasambhogasikkhāpadaLiving with an ejected monk

1.0Origin story

1.1PTS 4.137Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.1.2Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjantipi saṁvasantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappenti.At that time the monks from the group of six lived with the monk Ariṭṭha, and they did formal meetings and shared a sleeping place with him. Yet they knew that he was saying such things, that he had not made amends according to the rule, and that he had not given up that view.1

1.3Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—The monks of few desires complained and criticized them,1.4“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjissantipi saṁvasissantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessantī”ti …pe…“How can the monks from the group of six live, do formal meetings, and share a sleeping place with the monk Ariṭṭha, even though they know that he’s saying such things, that he hasn’t made amends according to the rule, and that he hasn’t given up that view?” …1.5“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṁ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjathāpi saṁvasathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappethā”ti?“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

1.6“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

1.7Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them …1.8kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṁ tathāvādinā ariṭṭhena bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjissathāpi saṁvasissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessatha.“Foolish men, how can you do this?1.9Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …1.10evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.11.0Final ruling

1.11.1“Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathāvādinā bhikkhunā akaṭānudhammena taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ sambhuñjeyya vā saṁvaseyya vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyan”ti.‘If a monk lives, does formal meetings, or shares a sleeping place with a monk who he knows is saying such things, who has not made amends according to the rule, and who has not given up that view, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Yo panātiA:
2.1.2yo yādiso …pe…whoever …
2.1.3bhikkhūtiMonk:
2.1.4…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
2.1.5Jānāti nāmaHe knows:
2.1.6sāmaṁ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.he knows by himself or others have told him or the offender has told him.2
2.1.7Tathāvādināti—Who is saying such things:
2.1.8“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti evaṁ vādinā.one who says this: “As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”
2.1.9Akaṭānudhammo nāmaWho has not made amends according to the rule:
2.1.10ukkhitto anosārito.who has been ejected and not readmitted.
2.1.11Taṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhintiWith a monk who has not given up that view:
2.1.12etaṁ diṭṭhiṁ appaṭinissaṭṭhena saddhiṁ.with a monk who has not given up this view.
2.1.13Sambhuñjeyya vātiLives with:
2.1.14sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā— āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca.there are two types of living together: material living together and spiritual living together.
2.1.15Āmisasambhogo nāmaMaterial living together:
2.1.16āmisaṁ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he gives or receives material things, he commits an offense entailing confession.
2.1.17Dhammasambhogo nāmaSpiritual living together:
2.1.18uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa.he recites or has the other recite. If he recites or has the other recite by the line, then for every line he commits an offense entailing confession.2.1.19Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.If he recites or has the other recite by the syllable, then for every syllable he commits an offense entailing confession.
2.1.20PTS 4.138Saṁvaseyya vātiDoes formal meetings with:
2.1.21ukkhittakena saddhiṁ uposathaṁ vā pavāraṇaṁ vā saṅghakammaṁ vā karoti, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he does the observance-day ceremony, the invitation ceremony, or a legal procedure with one who has been ejected, he commits an offense entailing confession.3
2.1.22Saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyyātiShares a sleeping place with:
2.1.23ekacchanne ukkhittake nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.under the same ceiling: if the monk lies down when the one who has been ejected is already lying down, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.24Bhikkhu nipanne ukkhittako nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.if the monk is already lying down when the one who has been ejected lies down, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.25Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.if they both lie down together, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.26Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṁ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.every time they get up and then lie down again, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Ukkhittake ukkhittakasaññī sambhuñjati vā saṁvasati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If the other monk has been ejected, and he perceives him as such, and he lives or does formal meetings or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.2Ukkhittake vematiko sambhuñjati vā saṁvasati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the other monk has been ejected, but he is unsure of it, and he lives or does formal meetings or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.3Ukkhittake anukkhittakasaññī sambhuñjati vā saṁvasati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, anāpatti.If the other monk has been ejected, but he does not perceive him as such, and he lives or does formal meetings or shares a sleeping place with him, there is no offense.

2.2.4Anukkhittake ukkhittakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the other monk has not been ejected, but he perceives him as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.5Anukkhittake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the other monk has not been ejected, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Anukkhittake anukkhittakasaññī, anāpatti.If the other monk has not been ejected, and he does not perceive him as such, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2anukkhittoti jānāti,if he knows that he has not been ejected; 2.3.3ukkhitto osāritoti jānāti,if he knows that he has been readmitted after being ejected; 2.3.4taṁ diṭṭhiṁ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti,if he knows that he has given up that view; 2.3.5ummattakassa,if he is insane; 2.3.6ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.3.7Ukkhittasambhogasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.The training rule on living with an ejected monk, the ninth, is finished.

Translator’s notes

  1. “Such things” refers back to the previous rule.

    ↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pc69:1.2

  2. The meaning of the last of these three ways of knowing, so vā āroceti, is not clear. CPD suggests: “sa (sā) āroceti (?). Perhaps this last form is conformable to sa. ārocayate med. caus. in the meaning: he or she makes inquiries (of others).” However, this does not fit with the parallel usage at Bu Pc 29:3.1.6 where the text says that she tells (sā vā āroceti) him, presumably referring to the nun telling the monk. In this case āroceti cannot refer to the monk making inquiries. The commentaries are silent, and I therefore assume that a straightforward meaning is the most likely one. I would suggest, then, that it simply refers to the ejected monk telling him directly.

    ↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pc69:2.1.6

  3. “Observance-day ceremony” renders uposatha. See Appendix of Technical Terms for discussion.

    ↩ pli-tv-bu-vb-pc69:2.1.21