0.1Theravāda VinayaTheravāda Collection on Monastic Law
0.2MahāvibhaṅgaThe Great Analysis
0.3PācittiyakaṇḍaThe chapter on offenses entailing confession
0.4SappāṇakavaggaThe subchapter on containing living beings

0.570. KaṇṭakasikkhāpadaSupporting a novice monk with a bad view

1.0Origin story

1.1Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.1.2Tena kho pana samayena kaṇṭakassa nāma samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti—At that time the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had the following bad and erroneous view:1.3“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.“As I understand the Teaching of the Buddha, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

1.4Assosuṁ kho sambahulā bhikkhū kaṇṭakassa nāma kira samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—A number of monks heard that the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had that view.1.5“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.1.6Atha kho te bhikkhū yena kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etadavocuṁ—They went to see him and asked,1.7“saccaṁ kira te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—“Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”1.8‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti?

1.9“Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.“Yes, indeed. As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

1.10“Mā, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.“No, Kaṇṭaka, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent him. The Buddha would never say such a thing.1.11Anekapariyāyenāvuso kaṇṭaka, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya.The Buddha has given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.1.12Appassādā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo …pe…The Buddha has said that the enjoyment provided by worldly pleasures is small, whereas the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater. …”1.13evampi kho kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tehi bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva taṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati—But even though the monks corrected Kaṇṭaka like this, he stubbornly held on to that bad and erroneous view, and he continued to insist on it.1.14“evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.

1.15Yato ca kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṁsu kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṁ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.Since those monks were unable to make him give up that view, they went to the Buddha and told him what had happened.1.16Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ paṭipucchi—Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the Kaṇṭaka:1.17“saccaṁ kira te, kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ—“Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”1.18‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti?

1.19“Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’”ti.“Yes indeed, venerable sir.”

1.20“Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṁ dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāsi?“Foolish man, who do you think I have taught like this?1.21Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya?Haven’t I given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them?1.22Appassādā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo.I have said that the enjoyment provided by worldly pleasures is small, whereas the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater.1.23Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā …pe…I have said that worldly pleasures are similar to a skeleton …1.24sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo.similar to a snake’s head; the suffering and trouble with them are huge, and so their drawbacks are greater.1.25Atha ca pana tvaṁ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi attānañca khaṇasi bahuñca apuññaṁ pasavasi.And yet, foolish man, by misunderstanding you have misrepresented me, hurt yourself, and made much demerit.1.26Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya.This will be for your long-lasting harm and suffering.

1.27Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence,1.28pasannānañca ekaccānaṁ aññathattāyā”ti.and cause some to lose it.”

1.29Vigarahitvā …pe…Having rebuked him …1.30dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:1.31“tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsetu.“Well then, monks, the Sangha should expel the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka.1.32Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nāsetabbo—And this is how he should be expelled:1.33PTS 4.139‘ajjatagge te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.‘From today, Kaṇṭaka, you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.1.34Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.1.35Cara pire vinassā’”ti.Go! Away with you!’”1.36Atha kho saṅgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsesi.The Sangha then expelled Kaṇṭaka.

1.37Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpentipi upaṭṭhāpentipi sambhuñjantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappenti.Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six befriended Kaṇṭaka, and they were attended on by him, lived with him, and shared a sleeping place with him. Yet they knew that he had been expelled.1.38Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—The monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,1.39“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessantipi upaṭṭhāpessantipi sambhuñjissantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessantī”ti …pe…“How can the monks from the group of six befriend Kaṇṭaka, and be attended on by him, live with him, and share a sleeping place with him, even though they know that he has been expelled?” …1.40“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpethāpi upaṭṭhāpethāpi sambhuñjathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappethā”ti?“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”

1.41“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

1.42Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them …1.43kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessathāpi upaṭṭhāpessathāpi sambhuñjissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessatha.“Foolish men, how can you do this?1.44Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe…This will affect people’s confidence …” …1.45evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

1.46.0Final ruling

1.46.1“Samaṇuddesopi ce evaṁ vadeyya—‘Also if a novice monastic says,1.47‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’ti,“As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them,” 1.48so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—then the monks should correct him like this:1.49‘māvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca, mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ, na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.“No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.1.50Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’ti.In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.”1.51Evañca so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—If that novice monastic continues as before, he should be told:1.52‘ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.“From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.1.53Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.1.54Cara pire vinassā’ti.Go! Away with you!”1.55Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpeyya vā upaṭṭhāpeyya vā sambhuñjeyya vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyan”ti.If a monk befriends that novice monastic, or he is attended on by him, lives with him, or shares a sleeping place with him, even though he knows that he has been expelled in this way, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

2.1.0Definitions

2.1.1Samaṇuddeso nāmaA novice monastic:

2.1.2sāmaṇero vuccati.a novice monk is what is meant.

2.1.3Evaṁ vadeyyāti—Says:

2.1.4“tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā”ti.“As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”

2.1.5PTS 4.140So samaṇuddesotiHim:

2.1.6yo so evaṁvādī samaṇuddeso.the novice monastic who speaks in that way.

2.1.7BhikkhūhītiThe monks:

2.1.8aññehi bhikkhūhi, ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo— “mā, āvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya.other monks who see it or hear about it. They should correct him, “No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing.¹2.1.9Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā”ti.In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.”

2.1.10Dutiyampi vattabbo …And they should correct him a second time …2.1.11tatiyampi vattabbo …And they should correct him a third time …

2.1.12sace paṭinissajjati iccetaṁ kusalaṁ, no ce paṭinissajjati so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo—If he gives up that view, all is well. If he does not, he should be told:2.1.13“ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo.“From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher.2.1.14Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi.And, unlike other novices, you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights.2.1.15Cara pire vinassā”ti.Go! Away with you!”

2.1.16Yo panātiA:

2.1.17yo yādiso …pe…whoever …

2.1.18bhikkhūtiMonk:

2.1.19…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.

2.1.20Jānāti nāmaHe knows:

2.1.21sāmaṁ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.he knows by himself or others have told him or the offending novice monastic has told him.²

2.1.22TathānāsitantiExpelled in this way:

2.1.23evaṁ nāsitaṁ.expelled like this.

2.1.24Samaṇuddeso nāmaNovice monastic:

2.1.25sāmaṇero vuccati.novice monk is what is meant.

2.1.26Upalāpeyya vātiBefriends:

2.1.27tassa pattaṁ vā cīvaraṁ vā uddesaṁ vā paripucchaṁ vā dassāmīti upalāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he befriends him, saying, “I’ll give him a bowl,” “I’ll give him a robe,” “I’ll recite to him,” or “I’ll test him,” he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.1.28Upaṭṭhāpeyya vātiIs attended on by:

2.1.29tassa cuṇṇaṁ vā mattikaṁ vā dantakaṭṭhaṁ vā mukhodakaṁ vā sādiyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he accepts bath powder, soap, a tooth cleaner, or water for rinsing the mouth from him, he commits an offense entailing confession.³

2.1.30Sambhuñjeyya vātiLives with:

2.1.31sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā—there are two types of living together:2.1.32āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca.material living together and spiritual living together.

2.1.33Āmisasambhogo nāmaMaterial living together:

2.1.34āmisaṁ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.if he gives or receives material things, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.1.35Dhammasambhogo nāmaSpiritual living together:

2.1.36uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa.he recites or has the other recite. If he recites or has the other recite by the line, then for every line he commits an offense entailing confession.2.1.37Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.If he recites or has the other recite by the syllable, then for every syllable he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.1.38Saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyyātiShares a sleeping place with:

2.1.39ekacchanne nāsitake samaṇuddese nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.under the same ceiling: if the monk lies down when the expelled novice monastic is already lying down, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.40Bhikkhu nipanne nāsitako samaṇuddeso nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.if the monk is already lying down when the expelled novice monastic lies down, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.41Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.if they both lie down together, he commits an offense entailing confession;2.1.42Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṁ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.every time they get up and then lie down again, he commits an offense entailing confession.

2.2.0Permutations

2.2.1Nāsitake nāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.If the novice monastic has been expelled, and he perceives him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense entailing confession.2.2.2Nāsitake vematiko upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he is unsure of it, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.3Nāsitake anāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, anāpatti.If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he does not perceive him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, there is no offense.

2.2.4Anāsitake nāsitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he perceives him such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.5Anāsitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.2.2.6Anāsitake anāsitakasaññī, anāpatti.If the novice monastic has not been expelled, and he does not perceive him as such, there is no offense.

2.3.0Non-offenses

2.3.1Anāpatti—There is no offense:2.3.2anāsitakoti jānāti;if he knows that he has not been expelled; 2.3.3taṁ diṭṭhiṁ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti;if he knows that he has given up that view; 2.3.4ummattakassa,if he is insane; 2.3.5ādikammikassāti.if he is the first offender.

2.3.6Kaṇṭakasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.The training rule on supporting a novice monk with a bad view, the tenth, is finished.

2.3.7Sappāṇakavaggo sattamo.The seventh subchapter on containing living beings is finished.

2.3.8TassuddānaṁThis is the summary:

2.3.9Sañciccavadhasappāṇaṁ,“Intentionally killing, containing living beings,2.3.10ukkoṭaṁ duṭṭhullachādanaṁ;Reopening, concealing what is grave;2.3.11Ūnavīsati satthañca,Less than twenty, and group of travelers,2.3.12saṁvidhānaṁ ariṭṭhakaṁ;Arrangement, on Ariṭṭha;2.3.13Ukkhittaṁ kaṇṭakañceva,Ejected, and Kaṇṭaka:2.3.14dasa sikkhāpadā imeti.These ten training rules.”

70. Supporting a novice monk with a bad view