1.1“Tayome, bhikkhave, nīghā.“Mendicants, there are these three troubles.1.2Katame tayo?What three?1.3Rāgo nīgho, doso nīgho, moho nīgho—Greed, hate, and delusion.1.4ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo nīghā.These are the three troubles.

1.5Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, tiṇṇannaṁ nīghānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya …pe… ayaṁ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvetabbo”ti.The noble eightfold path should be developed for the direct knowledge, complete understanding, finishing, and giving up of these three troubles.”

1.6Aṭṭhamaṁ.