1.1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—So I have heard.¹1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā mithilāyaṁ viharati maghadevaambavane.At one time the Buddha was staying near Mithilā in the Maghadeva Mango Grove.²2.1Atha kho bhagavā aññatarasmiṁ padese sitaṁ pātvākāsi.Then the Buddha smiled at a certain spot.

2.2Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi:Then Venerable Ānanda thought,2.3“ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?“What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?2.4Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

2.5Atha kho āyasmā ānando ekaṁsaṁ cīvaraṁ katvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:So Ānanda arranged his robe over one shoulder, raised his cupped palms toward the Buddha, and said,2.6“ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya?“What is the cause, what is the reason why the Buddha smiled?2.7Na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṁ pātukarontī”ti.Realized Ones do not smile for no reason.”

3.1PTS 2.75“Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, imissāyeva mithilāyaṁ rājā ahosi maghadevo nāma dhammiko dhammarājā dhamme ṭhito mahārājā;“Once upon a time, Ānanda, right here in Mithilā there was a just and principled king named Maghadeva, a great king who stood by his duty.³3.2dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;He justly treated brahmins and householders, and people of town and country.3.3uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassa.And he observed the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.

4.1Atha kho, ānanda, rājā maghadevo bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena kappakaṁ āmantesi:Then, after many years, many hundred years, many thousand years had passed, King Maghadeva addressed his barber,⁴4.2‘yadā me, samma kappaka, passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha me āroceyyāsī’ti.‘My dear barber, when you see grey hairs growing on my head, please tell me.’

4.3‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako rañño maghadevassa paccassosi.‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the barber.

4.4Addasā kho, ānanda, kappako bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena rañño maghadevassa sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni.When many thousand years had passed, the barber saw grey hairs growing on the king’s head.4.5Disvāna rājānaṁ maghadevaṁ etadavoca:He said to the king,4.6‘pātubhūtā kho devassa devadūtā, dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātānī’ti.‘The messengers of the gods have shown themselves to you. Grey hairs can be seen growing on your head.’⁵

4.7‘Tena hi, samma kappaka, tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā mama añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpehī’ti.‘Well then, my dear barber, carefully pull them out with tweezers and place them in my cupped hands.’

4.8‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako rañño maghadevassa paṭissutvā tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā rañño maghadevassa añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpesi.‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the barber, and he did as the king said.⁶

4.9PTS 2.76Atha kho, ānanda, rājā maghadevo kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca:The king gave the barber a prize village, then summoned the crown prince and said,4.10‘pātubhūtā kho me, tāta kumāra, devadūtā;‘Dear prince, the messengers of the gods have shown themselves to me.4.11dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni;Grey hairs can be seen growing on my head.4.12bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā;I have enjoyed human pleasures.4.13samayo dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ.Now it is time to seek heavenly pleasures.⁷4.14Ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ rajjaṁ paṭipajja.Come, dear prince, rule the realm.⁸4.15Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.I shall shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.⁹

4.16Tena hi, tāta kumāra, yadā tvampi passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyāsi.For dear prince, you too will one day see grey hairs growing on your head. When this happens, after giving a prize village to the barber and carefully instructing the crown prince in kingship, you should shave off your hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.4.17Yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosi.Keep up this good practice that I have founded. Do not be my final man.4.18Yasmiṁ kho, tāta kumāra, purisayuge vattamāne evarūpassa kalyāṇassa vattassa samucchedo hoti so tesaṁ antimapuriso hoti.When a pair of men are living, the one who breaks such good practice is their final man.4.19Taṁ tāhaṁ, tāta kumāra, evaṁ vadāmi—Therefore I say to you,4.20yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosī’ti.“Keep up this good practice that I have founded. Do not be my final man.”’

5.1Atha kho, ānanda, rājā maghadevo kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.And so, after giving a prize village to the barber and carefully instructing the crown prince in kingship, King Maghadeva shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness here in this mango grove.5.2So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.He meditated spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of love to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.5.3Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …He meditated spreading a heart full of compassion …5.4muditāsahagatena cetasā …rejoicing …5.5upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, he spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.

6.1Rājā kho panānanda, maghadevo caturāsītivassasahassāni kumārakīḷitaṁ kīḷi, caturāsītivassasahassāni oparajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni rajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito brahmacariyamacari.For 84,000 years King Maghadeva played games as a child, for 84,000 years he acted as viceroy, for 84,000 years he ruled the realm, and for 84,000 years he led the spiritual life after going forth here in this mango grove.¹⁰6.2So cattāro brahmavihāre bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā brahmalokūpago ahosi.And having developed the four divine meditations, when his body broke up, after death, he was reborn in a good place, a realm of divinity.¹¹

7.1PTS 2.77Atha kho rañño, ānanda, maghadevassa putto bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena kappakaṁ āmantesi:Then, after many years, many hundred years, many thousand years had passed, King Maghadeva’s son addressed his barber,7.2‘yadā me, samma kappaka, passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha kho āroceyyāsī’ti.‘My dear barber, when you see grey hairs growing on my head, please tell me.’7.3‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako rañño maghadevassa puttassa paccassosi.And all unfolded as in the case of his father.7.4Addasā kho, ānanda, kappako bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena rañño maghadevassa puttassa sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni.7.5Disvāna rañño maghadevassa puttaṁ etadavoca:7.6‘pātubhūtā kho devassa devadūtā;7.7dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātānī’ti.7.8‘Tena hi, samma kappaka, tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā mama añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpehī’ti.7.9‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako rañño maghadevassa puttassa paṭissutvā tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā rañño maghadevassa puttassa añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpesi.8.1Atha kho, ānanda, rañño maghadevassa putto kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca:8.2‘pātubhūtā kho me, tāta kumāra, devadūtā;8.3dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni;8.4bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā;8.5samayo dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ.8.6Ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ rajjaṁ paṭipajja.8.7Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.8.8Tena hi, tāta kumāra, yadā tvampi passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyāsi.8.9Yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosi.8.10Yasmiṁ kho, tāta kumāra, purisayuge vattamāne evarūpassa kalyāṇassa vattassa samucchedo hoti so tesaṁ antimapuriso hoti.8.11Taṁ tāhaṁ, tāta kumāra, evaṁ vadāmi—8.12yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosī’ti.9.1PTS 2.78Atha kho, ānanda, rañño maghadevassa putto kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.9.2So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.9.3Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …9.4muditāsahagatena cetasā …9.5upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.9.6Rañño kho panānanda, maghadevassa putto caturāsītivassasahassāni kumārakīḷitaṁ kīḷi, caturāsītivassasahassāni oparajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni rajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito brahmacariyamacari.9.7So cattāro brahmavihāre bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā brahmalokūpago ahosi.And having developed the four divine meditations, when his body broke up, after death, Maghadeva’s son was reborn in a good place, a realm of divinity.

10.1Rañño kho panānanda, maghadevassa puttapaputtakā tassa paramparā caturāsītirājasahassāni imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajiṁsu.And a lineage of 84,000 kings, sons of sons of King Maghadeva, shaved off their hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness here in this mango grove.10.2Te mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihariṁsu, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihariṁsu.They meditated spreading a heart full of love …11.1Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …compassion …11.2muditāsahagatena cetasā …rejoicing …11.3upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihariṁsu, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihariṁsu.equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world—abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will.11.4Caturāsītivassasahassāni kumārakīḷitaṁ kīḷiṁsu, caturāsītivassasahassāni oparajjaṁ kāresuṁ, caturāsītivassasahassāni rajjaṁ kāresuṁ, caturāsītivassasahassāni imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitā brahmacariyamacariṁsu.For 84,000 years they played games as a child, for 84,000 years they acted as viceroy, for 84,000 years they ruled the realm, and for 84,000 years they led the spiritual life after going forth here in this mango grove.¹²11.5Te cattāro brahmavihāre bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā brahmalokūpagā ahesuṁ.And having developed the four divine meditations, when their bodies broke up, after death, they were reborn in a good place, a realm of divinity.

12.1Nimi tesaṁ rājā pacchimako ahosi dhammiko dhammarājā dhamme ṭhito mahārājā;Nimi was the last of those kings, a just and principled king, a great king who stood by his duty.¹³12.2dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;He justly treated brahmins and householders, and people of town and country.12.3uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassa.And he observed the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.

13.1PTS 2.79Bhūtapubbaṁ, ānanda, devānaṁ tāvatiṁsānaṁ sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ayamantarākathā udapādi:Once upon a time, Ānanda, while the gods of the thirty-three were sitting together in the Hall of Clear Right, this discussion came up among them:13.2‘lābhā vata, bho, videhānaṁ, suladdhaṁ vata, bho, videhānaṁ,‘The people of Videha are so fortunate, so very fortunate13.3yesaṁ nimi rājā dhammiko dhammarājā dhamme ṭhito mahārājā;to have Nimi as their king. He is a just and principled king, a great king who stands by his duty.13.4dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;He justly treats brahmins and householders, and people of town and country.13.5uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā’ti.And he observes the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.’

13.6Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṁse āmantesi:Then Sakka, lord of gods, addressed the gods of the thirty-three,13.7‘iccheyyātha no tumhe, mārisā, nimiṁ rājānaṁ daṭṭhun’ti?‘Good fellows, would you like to see King Nimi?’

13.8‘Icchāma mayaṁ, mārisa, nimiṁ rājānaṁ daṭṭhun’ti.‘We would.’

13.9Tena kho pana, ānanda, samayena nimi rājā tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhāto uposathiko uparipāsādavaragato nisinno hoti.Now at that time it was the fifteenth day sabbath, and King Nimi had bathed his head and was sitting upstairs in the royal longhouse to observe the sabbath.13.10Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—devesu tāvatiṁsesu antarahito nimissa rañño pamukhe pāturahosi.Then, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, Sakka vanished from the thirty-three gods and reappeared in front of King Nimi.13.11Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo nimiṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca:He said to the king,13.12‘lābhā te, mahārāja, suladdhaṁ te, mahārāja.‘You’re fortunate, Great King, so very fortunate.13.13Devā, mahārāja, tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ kittayamānarūpā sannisinnā:The gods of the thirty-three were sitting together in the Hall of Clear Right, where they were singing your praises.¹⁴13.14“lābhā vata, bho, videhānaṁ, suladdhaṁ vata, bho, videhānaṁ,13.15yesaṁ nimi rājā dhammiko dhammarājā dhamme ṭhito mahārājā;13.16dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;13.17uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā”ti.13.18Devā te, mahārāja, tāvatiṁsā dassanakāmā.They would like to see you.13.19Tassa te ahaṁ, mahārāja, sahassayuttaṁ ājaññarathaṁ pahiṇissāmi;I shall send a chariot harnessed with a thousand thoroughbreds for you, Great King.13.20abhiruheyyāsi, mahārāja, dibbaṁ yānaṁ avikampamāno’ti.Mount the heavenly chariot, Great King, without wavering!’13.21Adhivāsesi kho, ānanda, nimi rājā tuṇhībhāvena.King Nimi consented with silence.

13.22PTS 2.80Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo nimissa rañño adhivāsanaṁ viditvā—seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva—nimissa rañño pamukhe antarahito devesu tāvatiṁsesu pāturahosi.Then, knowing that the king had consented, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, Sakka vanished from King Nimi and reappeared among the gods of the thirty-three.

14.1Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo mātaliṁ saṅgāhakaṁ āmantesi:Then Sakka, lord of gods, addressed his chariot handler Mātali,14.2‘ehi tvaṁ, samma mātali, sahassayuttaṁ ājaññarathaṁ yojetvā nimiṁ rājānaṁ upasaṅkamitvā evaṁ vadehi—‘Come, dear Mātali, harness the chariot with a thousand thoroughbreds. Then go to King Nimi and say,14.3ayaṁ te, mahārāja, sahassayutto ājaññaratho sakkena devānamindena pesito;“Great king, this chariot has been sent for you by Sakka, lord of gods.14.4abhiruheyyāsi, mahārāja, dibbaṁ yānaṁ avikampamāno’ti.Mount the heavenly chariot, Great King, without wavering!”’

14.5‘Evaṁ, bhaddantavā’ti kho, ānanda, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā sahassayuttaṁ ājaññarathaṁ yojetvā nimiṁ rājānaṁ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca:‘Yes, lord,’ replied Mātali. He did as Sakka asked, and said to the king,14.6‘ayaṁ te, mahārāja, sahassayutto ājaññaratho sakkena devānamindena pesito;‘Great king, this chariot has been sent for you by Sakka, lord of gods.14.7abhiruha, mahārāja, dibbaṁ yānaṁ avikampamāno.Mount the heavenly chariot, Great King, without wavering!14.8Api ca, mahārāja, katamena taṁ nemi, yena vā pāpakammā pāpakānaṁ kammānaṁ vipākaṁ paṭisaṁvedenti, yena vā kalyāṇakammā kalyāṇakammānaṁ vipākaṁ paṭisaṁvedentī’ti?But which way should we go—the way of those who experience the result of bad deeds, or the way of those who experience the result of good deeds?’

14.9‘Ubhayeneva maṁ, mātali, nehī’ti.‘Take me both ways, Mātali.’¹⁵

15.1Sampavesesi kho, ānanda, mātali, saṅgāhako nimiṁ rājānaṁ sudhammaṁ sabhaṁ.Mātali brought King Nimi to the Hall of Clear Right.15.2Addasā kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo nimiṁ rājānaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ.Sakka saw King Nimi coming off in the distance,15.3Disvāna nimiṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca:and said to him:15.4‘ehi kho, mahārāja.‘Come, Great King!15.5Svāgataṁ, mahārāja.Welcome, Great King!15.6Devā te dassanakāmā, mahārāja, tāvatiṁsā sudhammāyaṁ sabhāyaṁ kittayamānarūpā sannisinnā:The gods of the thirty-three who wanted to see you were sitting together in the Hall of Clear Right, where they were singing your praises.15.7“lābhā vata, bho, videhānaṁ, suladdhaṁ vata, bho, videhānaṁ,15.8yesaṁ nimi rājā dhammiko dhammarājā dhamme ṭhito mahārājā;15.9dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;15.10uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā”ti.15.11Devā te, mahārāja, tāvatiṁsā dassanakāmā.The gods of the thirty-three would like to see you.15.12Abhirama, mahārāja, devesu devānubhāvenā’ti.Enjoy heavenly glory among the gods!’

15.13‘Alaṁ, mārisa, tattheva maṁ mithilaṁ paṭinetu.‘Enough, good fellow. Send me back to Mithilā right away.15.14Tathāhaṁ dhammaṁ carissāmi brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca;That way I shall justly treat brahmins and householders, and people of town and country.15.15uposathañca upavasāmi cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassā’ti.And I shall observe the sabbath on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and eighth of the fortnight.’¹⁶

16.1PTS 2.81Atha kho, ānanda, sakko devānamindo mātaliṁ saṅgāhakaṁ āmantesi:Then Sakka, lord of gods, addressed his chariot handler Mātali,16.2‘ehi tvaṁ, samma mātali, sahassayuttaṁ ājaññarathaṁ yojetvā nimiṁ rājānaṁ tattheva mithilaṁ paṭinehī’ti.‘Come, dear Mātali, harness the chariot with a thousand thoroughbreds and send King Nimi back to Mithilā right away.’

16.3‘Evaṁ, bhaddantavā’ti kho, ānanda, mātali saṅgāhako sakkassa devānamindassa paṭissutvā sahassayuttaṁ ājaññarathaṁ yojetvā nimiṁ rājānaṁ tattheva mithilaṁ paṭinesi.‘Yes, lord,’ replied Mātali, and did as Sakka asked.16.4Tatra sudaṁ, ānanda, nimi rājā dhammaṁ carati brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamesu ceva jānapadesu ca, uposathañca upavasati cātuddasiṁ pañcadasiṁ aṭṭhamiñca pakkhassāti.And there King Nimi justly treated his people, and observed the sabbath.

16.5Atha kho, ānanda, nimi rājā bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena kappakaṁ āmantesi:Then, after many years, many hundred years, many thousand years had passed, King Nimi addressed his barber,16.6‘yadā me, samma kappaka, passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha me āroceyyāsī’ti.‘My dear barber, when you see grey hairs growing on my head, please tell me.’16.7‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako nimissa rañño paccassosi.And all unfolded as before.16.8Addasā kho, ānanda, kappako bahūnaṁ vassānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahūnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena nimissa rañño sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni.16.9Disvāna nimiṁ rājānaṁ etadavoca:16.10‘pātubhūtā kho devassa devadūtā;16.11dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātānī’ti.16.12‘Tena hi, samma kappaka, tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā mama añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpehī’ti.16.13‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, ānanda, kappako nimissa rañño paṭissutvā tāni palitāni sādhukaṁ saṇḍāsena uddharitvā nimissa rañño añjalismiṁ patiṭṭhāpesi.16.14Atha kho, ānanda, nimi rājā kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca:16.15‘pātubhūtā kho me, tāta kumāra, devadūtā;16.16dissanti sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni;16.17bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā;16.18samayo dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ.16.19Ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ rajjaṁ paṭipajja.16.20Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmi.16.21Tena hi, tāta kumāra, yadā tvampi passeyyāsi sirasmiṁ palitāni jātāni, atha kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajeyyāsi.16.22Yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosi.16.23Yasmiṁ kho, tāta kumāra, purisayuge vattamāne evarūpassa kalyāṇassa vattassa samucchedo hoti so tesaṁ antimapuriso hoti.16.24Taṁ tāhaṁ, tāta kumāra, evaṁ vadāmi:16.25“yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyāsi, mā kho me tvaṁ antimapuriso ahosī”’ti.

17-19.1PTS 2.82Atha kho, ānanda, nimi rājā kappakassa gāmavaraṁ datvā jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.17-19.2So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.17-19.3Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā …17-19.4muditāsahagatena cetasā …17-19.5upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṁ, tathā tatiyaṁ, tathā catutthaṁ; iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā vihāsi.17-19.6Nimi kho panānanda, rājā caturāsītivassasahassāni kumārakīḷitaṁ kīḷi, caturāsītivassasahassāni oparajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni rajjaṁ kāresi, caturāsītivassasahassāni imasmiṁyeva maghadevaambavane agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito brahmacariyamacari.17-19.7So cattāro brahmavihāre bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā brahmalokūpago ahosi.And having developed the four divine meditations, when his body broke up, after death, King Nimi was reborn in a good place, a realm of divinity.

20.1Nimissa kho panānanda, rañño kaḷārajanako nāma putto ahosi.But King Nimi had a son named Kaḷāra Janaka.¹⁷20.2Na so agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji.He didn’t go forth from the lay life to homelessness.20.3So taṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ samucchindi.He broke that good practice.20.4So tesaṁ antimapuriso ahosi.He was their final man.

21.1PTS 2.83Siyā kho pana te, ānanda, evamassa:Ānanda, you might think,21.2‘añño nūna tena samayena rājā maghadevo ahosi, yena taṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitan’ti.‘Surely King Maghadeva, by whom that good practice was founded, must have been someone else at that time?’21.3Na kho panetaṁ, ānanda, evaṁ daṭṭhabbaṁ.But you should not see it like this.21.4Ahaṁ tena samayena rājā maghadevo ahosiṁ.I myself was King Maghadeva at that time.21.5Ahaṁ taṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihiniṁ, mayā taṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ;I was the one who founded that good practice,21.6pacchimā janatā anuppavattesi.which was kept up by those who came after.

21.7Taṁ kho panānanda, kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṁvattati, yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā.But that good practice doesn’t lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment. It only leads as far as rebirth in the realm of divinity.¹⁸21.8Idaṁ kho panānanda, etarahi mayā kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.But now I have founded a good practice that does lead to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment.

21.9Katamañcānanda, etarahi mayā kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati?And what is that good practice?21.10Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṁ—It is simply this noble eightfold path, that is:21.11sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.right view, right purpose, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right immersion.21.12Idaṁ kho, ānanda, etarahi mayā kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṁvattati.This is the good practice I have now founded that leads to disillusionment, dispassion, cessation, peace, insight, awakening, and extinguishment.

21.13Taṁ vo ahaṁ, ānanda, evaṁ vadāmi:Ānanda, I say to you:21.14‘yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyātha, mā kho me tumhe antimapurisā ahuvattha’.‘You all should keep up this good practice that I have founded. Do not be my final men.’¹⁹21.15Yasmiṁ kho, ānanda, purisayuge vattamāne evarūpassa kalyāṇassa vattassa samucchedo hoti so tesaṁ antimapuriso hoti.When a pair of men are living, the one who breaks such good practice is their final man.21.16Taṁ vo ahaṁ, ānanda, evaṁ vadāmi:Ānanda, I say to you:21.17‘yena me idaṁ kalyāṇaṁ vattaṁ nihitaṁ anuppavatteyyātha, mā kho me tumhe antimapurisā ahuvatthā’”ti.‘You all should keep up this good practice that I have founded. Do not be my final men.’”

21.18Idamavoca bhagavā.That is what the Buddha said.21.19Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandīti.Satisfied, Venerable Ānanda approved what the Buddha said.

21.20Maghadevasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.