1.1Evaṁ me sutaṁ—So I have heard.1.2ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṁ nāma kurūnaṁ nigamo.At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Kurus, near the Kuru town named Kammāsadamma.1.3Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:There the Buddha addressed the mendicants,1.4“bhikkhavo”ti.“Mendicants!”

1.5“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.“Venerable sir,” they replied.1.6Bhagavā etadavoca:The Buddha said this:

1.7“sammasatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, antaraṁ sammasan”ti.“Mendicants, do you probe within?”¹

1.8Evaṁ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:When he said this, one of the mendicants said to the Buddha,1.9“ahaṁ kho, bhante, sammasāmi antaraṁ sammasan”ti.“Sir, I probe within.”

1.10“Yathā kathaṁ pana tvaṁ, bhikkhu, sammasasi antaraṁ sammasan”ti?“But mendicant, how do you probe within?”1.11Atha kho so bhikkhu byākāsi.Then that mendicant answered,1.12Yathā so bhikkhu byākāsi na so bhikkhu bhagavato cittaṁ ārādhesi.but the Buddha was not happy with the answer.

2.1Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:When he had spoken, Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha,2.2“etassa, bhagavā, kālo; etassa, sugata, kālo;“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One!2.3yaṁ bhagavā antaraṁ sammasaṁ bhāseyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti.Let the Buddha speak of probing within. The mendicants will listen and remember it.”

2.4“Tenahānanda, suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.“Well then, Ānanda, listen and apply your mind well, I will speak.”

2.5“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.“Yes, sir,” they replied.2.6Bhagavā etadavoca:The Buddha said this:

3.1PTS 2.108“Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammasamāno sammasati antaraṁ sammasaṁ:“Take a mendicant who probes within:3.2‘yaṁ kho idaṁ anekavidhaṁ nānappakārakaṁ dukkhaṁ loke uppajjati jarāmaraṇaṁ.‘The suffering that arises in the world starting with old age and death takes many and diverse forms.3.3Idaṁ kho dukkhaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ kiṁsamudayaṁ kiṁjātikaṁ kiṁpabhavaṁ, kismiṁ sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, kismiṁ asati jarāmaraṇaṁ na hotī’ti?But what is the source of this suffering? When what exists do old age and death come to be? And when what does not exist do old age and death not come to be?’3.4So sammasamāno evaṁ jānāti:While probing they know:3.5‘yaṁ kho idaṁ anekavidhaṁ nānappakārakaṁ dukkhaṁ loke uppajjati jarāmaraṇaṁ.‘The suffering that arises in the world starting with old age and death takes many and diverse forms.3.6Idaṁ kho dukkhaṁ upadhinidānaṁ upadhisamudayaṁ upadhijātikaṁ upadhipabhavaṁ, upadhismiṁ sati jarāmaraṇaṁ hoti, upadhismiṁ asati jarāmaraṇaṁ na hotī’ti.The source of this suffering is attachment. When attachments exist old age and death come to be. And when attachments do not exist old age and death don’t come to be.’²3.7So jarāmaraṇañca pajānāti jarāmaraṇasamudayañca pajānāti jarāmaraṇanirodhañca pajānāti yā ca jarāmaraṇanirodhasāruppagāminī paṭipadā tañca pajānāti.They understand old age and death, their origin, their cessation, and the fitting practice for their cessation.3.8Tathāpaṭipanno ca hoti anudhammacārī.And they practice in line with that path.3.9Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya paṭipanno jarāmaraṇanirodhāya.This is called a mendicant who is practicing for the complete ending of suffering, for the cessation of old age and death.

4.1Athāparaṁ sammasamāno sammasati antaraṁ sammasaṁ:They probe further within:4.2‘upadhi panāyaṁ kiṁnidāno kiṁsamudayo kiṁjātiko kiṁpabhavo, kismiṁ sati upadhi hoti, kismiṁ asati upadhi na hotī’ti?‘But what is the source of this attachment? When what exists does attachment come to be? And when what does not exist does attachment not come to be?’4.3So sammasamāno evaṁ jānāti:While probing they know:4.4‘upadhi taṇhānidāno taṇhāsamudayo taṇhājātiko taṇhāpabhavo, taṇhāya sati upadhi hoti, taṇhāya asati upadhi na hotī’ti.‘The source of this attachment is craving. When craving exists attachments come to be. And when craving doesn’t exist attachments don’t come to be.’4.5So upadhiñca pajānāti upadhisamudayañca pajānāti upadhinirodhañca pajānāti yā ca upadhinirodhasāruppagāminī paṭipadā tañca pajānāti.They understand attachments, their origin, their cessation, and the fitting practice for their cessation.4.6Tathāpaṭipanno ca hoti anudhammacārī.And they practice in line with that path.4.7Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbaso sammā dukkhakkhayāya paṭipanno upadhinirodhāya.This is called a mendicant who is practicing for the complete ending of suffering, for the cessation of attachments.

5.1PTS 2.109Athāparaṁ sammasamāno sammasati antaraṁ sammasaṁ:∥They probe further within:5.2‘taṇhā panāyaṁ kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisatī’ti?‘But where does that craving arise and where does it settle?’5.3So sammasamāno evaṁ jānāti—While probing they know:5.4yaṁ kho loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.‘That craving arises and settles on whatever in the world seems nice and pleasant.5.5Kiñca loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ?And what in the world seems nice and pleasant?5.6Cakkhuṁ loke piyarūpaṁ, sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.The eye in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.5.7Sotaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ …pe…The ear …5.8ghānaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ …nose …5.9jivhā loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ …tongue …5.10kāyo loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ …body …5.11mano loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati ettha nivisamānā nivisati.mind in the world seems nice and pleasant, and it is there that craving arises and settles.’

6.1Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ niccato addakkhuṁ sukhato addakkhuṁ attato addakkhuṁ ārogyato addakkhuṁ khemato addakkhuṁ.There were ascetics and brahmins of the past who saw the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as permanent, as pleasurable, as self, as healthy, and as safe.6.2Te taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ.Their craving grew.6.3Ye taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ te upadhiṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ.As their craving grew, their attachments grew.6.4Ye upadhiṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ te dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ.As their attachments grew, their suffering grew.6.5Ye dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhesuṁ te na parimucciṁsu jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘na parimucciṁsu dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.And as their suffering grew, they were not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They were not freed from suffering, I say.

7.1Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ niccato dakkhissanti sukhato dakkhissanti attato dakkhissanti ārogyato dakkhissanti khemato dakkhissanti.There will be ascetics and brahmins in the future who will see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as permanent, as pleasurable, as self, as healthy, and as safe.7.2Te taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhissanti.Their craving will grow.7.3Ye taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhissanti te upadhiṁ vaḍḍhissanti.As their craving grows, their attachments will grow.7.4Ye upadhiṁ vaḍḍhissanti te dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhissanti.As their attachments grow, their suffering will grow.7.5Ye dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhissanti te na parimuccissanti jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘na parimuccissanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.And as their suffering grows, they will not be freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They will not be freed from suffering, I say.

8.1Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ niccato passanti sukhato passanti attato passanti ārogyato passanti khemato passanti.There are ascetics and brahmins in the present who see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as permanent, as pleasurable, as self, as healthy, and as safe.8.2Te taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhenti.Their craving grows.8.3Ye taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhenti te upadhiṁ vaḍḍhenti.As their craving grows, their attachments grow.8.4Ye upadhiṁ vaḍḍhenti te dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhenti.As their attachments grow, their suffering grows.8.5Ye dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhenti te na parimuccanti jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘na parimuccanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.And as their suffering grows, they are not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They are not freed from suffering, I say.

9.1PTS 2.110Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, āpānīyakaṁso vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno.Suppose there was a bronze goblet of beverage that had a nice color, aroma, and flavor.9.2So ca kho visena saṁsaṭṭho.But it was mixed with poison.9.3Atha puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto kilanto tasito pipāsito.Then along comes a man struggling in the oppressive heat, weary, thirsty, and parched.9.4Tamenaṁ evaṁ vadeyyuṁ:They’d say to him:9.5‘ayaṁ te, ambho purisa, āpānīyakaṁso vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno;‘Here, my man, this bronze goblet of beverage has a nice color, aroma, and flavor.9.6so ca kho visena saṁsaṭṭho.But it’s mixed with poison.9.7Sace ākaṅkhasi piva.Drink it if you like.9.8Pivato hi kho taṁ chādessati vaṇṇenapi gandhenapi rasenapi, pivitvā ca pana tatonidānaṁ maraṇaṁ vā nigacchasi maraṇamattaṁ vā dukkhan’ti.If you drink it, the color, aroma, and flavor will be appetizing, but it will result in death or deadly pain.’9.9So taṁ āpānīyakaṁsaṁ sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā piveyya, nappaṭinissajjeyya.He wouldn’t put that beverage down. Hastily, without reflection, he’d drink it,9.10So tatonidānaṁ maraṇaṁ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṁ vā dukkhaṁ.resulting in death or deadly pain.

9.11Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ …pe…In the same way, there are ascetics and brahmins of the past …9.12anāgatamaddhānaṁ …pe…future …9.13etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ niccato passanti sukhato passanti attato passanti ārogyato passanti khemato passanti, te taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhenti.There are ascetics and brahmins in the present who see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as permanent, as pleasurable, as self, as healthy, and as safe. Their craving grows.9.14Ye taṇhaṁ vaḍḍhenti te upadhiṁ vaḍḍhenti.As their craving grows, their attachments grow.9.15Ye upadhiṁ vaḍḍhenti te dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhenti.As their attachments grow, their suffering grows.9.16Ye dukkhaṁ vaḍḍhenti te na parimuccanti jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘na parimuccanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.And as their suffering grows, they are not freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They are not freed from suffering, I say.

10.1Ye ca kho keci, bhikkhave, atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ aniccato addakkhuṁ dukkhato addakkhuṁ anattato addakkhuṁ rogato addakkhuṁ bhayato addakkhuṁ,There were ascetics and brahmins of the past who saw the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as impermanent, as suffering, as not-self, as diseased, and as dangerous.10.2te taṇhaṁ pajahiṁsu.They gave up craving.10.3Ye taṇhaṁ pajahiṁsu te upadhiṁ pajahiṁsu.Giving up craving, they gave up attachments.10.4Ye upadhiṁ pajahiṁsu te dukkhaṁ pajahiṁsu.Giving up attachments, they gave up suffering.10.5Ye dukkhaṁ pajahiṁsu te parimucciṁsu jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘parimucciṁsu dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.Giving up suffering, they were freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They were freed from suffering, I say.

11.1PTS 2.111Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ aniccato dakkhissanti dukkhato dakkhissanti anattato dakkhissanti rogato dakkhissanti bhayato dakkhissanti,There will be ascetics and brahmins in the future who will see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as impermanent, as suffering, as not-self, as diseased, and as dangerous.11.2te taṇhaṁ pajahissanti.They will give up craving.11.3Ye taṇhaṁ pajahissanti …pe…Giving up craving …11.4‘parimuccissanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.they will be freed from suffering, I say.

12.1Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ aniccato passanti dukkhato passanti anattato passanti rogato passanti bhayato passanti,There are ascetics and brahmins in the present who see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as impermanent, as suffering, as not-self, as diseased, and as dangerous.12.2te taṇhaṁ pajahanti.They give up craving.12.3Ye taṇhaṁ pajahanti te upadhiṁ pajahanti.Giving up craving, they give up attachments.12.4Ye upadhiṁ pajahanti te dukkhaṁ pajahanti.Giving up attachments, they give up suffering.12.5Ye dukkhaṁ pajahanti te parimuccanti jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘parimuccanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.Giving up suffering, they are freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They are freed from suffering, I say.

13.1PTS 2.112Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, āpānīyakaṁso vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno.Suppose there was a bronze goblet of beverage that had a nice color, aroma, and flavor.13.2So ca kho visena saṁsaṭṭho.But it was mixed with poison.13.3Atha puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto kilanto tasito pipāsito.Then along comes a man struggling in the oppressive heat, weary, thirsty, and parched.13.4Tamenaṁ evaṁ vadeyyuṁ:They’d say to him:13.5‘ayaṁ te, ambho purisa, āpānīyakaṁso vaṇṇasampanno gandhasampanno rasasampanno‘Here, my man, this bronze goblet of beverage has a nice color, aroma, and flavor.13.6so ca kho visena saṁsaṭṭho.But it’s mixed with poison.13.7Sace ākaṅkhasi piva.Drink it if you like.13.8Pivato hi kho taṁ chādessati vaṇṇenapi gandhenapi rasenapi; pivitvā ca pana tatonidānaṁ maraṇaṁ vā nigacchasi maraṇamattaṁ vā dukkhan’ti.If you drink it, its nice color, aroma, and flavor will refresh you. But drinking it will result in death or deadly pain.’13.9Atha kho, bhikkhave, tassa purisassa evamassa:Then that man might think:13.10‘sakkā kho me ayaṁ surāpipāsitā pānīyena vā vinetuṁ dadhimaṇḍakena vā vinetuṁ bhaṭṭhaloṇikāya vā vinetuṁ loṇasovīrakena vā vinetuṁ, na tvevāhaṁ taṁ piveyyaṁ, yaṁ mama assa dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāyā’ti.‘I can allay my thirst with a fermented drink of beer, buttermilk, salt lassi, or salted infusion. But in any case, I shouldn’t drink that beverage, for it would be for my lasting harm and suffering.’³13.11So taṁ āpānīyakaṁsaṁ paṭisaṅkhā na piveyya, paṭinissajjeyya.He’d put that beverage down. After appraisal, he wouldn’t drink it,13.12So tatonidānaṁ na maraṇaṁ vā nigaccheyya maraṇamattaṁ vā dukkhaṁ.and it wouldn’t result in death or deadly pain.

13.13Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci atītamaddhānaṁ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ aniccato addakkhuṁ dukkhato addakkhuṁ anattato addakkhuṁ rogato addakkhuṁ bhayato addakkhuṁ,In the same way, there were ascetics and brahmins of the past who saw the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as impermanent, as suffering, as not-self, as diseased, and as dangerous.13.14te taṇhaṁ pajahiṁsu.They gave up craving.13.15Ye taṇhaṁ pajahiṁsu te upadhiṁ pajahiṁsu.Giving up craving, they gave up attachments.13.16Ye upadhiṁ pajahiṁsu te dukkhaṁ pajahiṁsu.Giving up attachments, they gave up suffering.13.17Ye dukkhaṁ pajahiṁsu te parimucciṁsu jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘parimucciṁsu dukkhasmā’ti vadāmi.Giving up suffering, they were freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They were freed from suffering, I say.

14.1Yepi hi keci, bhikkhave, anāgatamaddhānaṁ …pe…There will be ascetics and brahmins in the future …14.2etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā yaṁ loke piyarūpaṁ sātarūpaṁ taṁ aniccato passanti dukkhato passanti anattato passanti rogato passanti bhayato passanti,There are ascetics and brahmins in the present who see the things that seem nice and pleasant in the world as impermanent, as suffering, as not-self, as diseased, and as dangerous.14.3te taṇhaṁ pajahanti.They give up craving.14.4Ye taṇhaṁ pajahanti te upadhiṁ pajahanti.Giving up craving, they give up attachments.14.5Ye upadhiṁ pajahanti te dukkhaṁ pajahanti.Giving up attachments, they give up suffering.14.6Ye dukkhaṁ pajahanti te parimuccanti jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi, ‘parimuccanti dukkhasmā’ti vadāmī”ti.Giving up suffering, they are freed from rebirth, old age, and death, from sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. They are freed from suffering, I say.”

14.7Chaṭṭhaṁ.