0.41. Kosambakavivādakathā1. The account of the dispute at Kosambī

1.1.1PTS 1.337Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṁ viharati ghositārāme.At one time when the Buddha was staying at Kosambī in Ghosita’s Monastery,1.1.2Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti.a certain monk had committed an offense.1.1.3So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi hoti;He regarded it as an offense,1.1.4aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino honti.but there were other monks who did not.1.1.5So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti;Some time later he no longer regarded it as an offense,1.1.6aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti.but there were other monks who did.1.1.7Atha kho te bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ—They said to him,1.1.8“āpattiṁ tvaṁ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṁ āpattin”ti?“You’ve committed an offense. Do you recognize it?”

1.1.9“Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṁ passeyyan”ti.“No, I haven’t committed any offense that I should recognize.”

1.1.10Atha kho te bhikkhū sāmaggiṁ labhitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsu.Soon afterwards the monks achieved unanimity, and they ejected that monk for not recognizing the offense.1.2.1So ca bhikkhu bahussuto hoti āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.But that monk was learned, a master of the tradition; he was an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he was knowledgeable and competent, had a sense of conscience, and was afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.1.2.2Atha kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca—He went to his friends and said,1.2.3“anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti.“This isn’t an offense,1.2.4Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno.and so I haven’t committed any.1.2.5Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto.And I haven’t been ejected,1.2.6Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena.for the legal procedure was illegitimate, reversible, and unfit to stand.1.2.7Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā”ti.Please side with me, venerables, in accordance with the Teaching and the Monastic Law.”1.2.8Alabhi kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe.He was able to form a faction.1.2.9Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṁ sambhattānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—He then sent the same message to his friends in the country,1.2.10“anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti.1.2.11Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno.1.2.12Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto.1.2.13Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena.1.2.14Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā”ti.1.2.15Alabhi kho so bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe.and again he was able to form a faction.

1.3.1Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—The monks who sided with him went to the monks who had ejected him and said,1.3.2“anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti.“This isn’t an offense,1.3.3Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno.and so this monk hasn’t committed any.1.3.4Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto.He hasn’t been ejected,1.3.5Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā”ti.for the legal procedure was illegitimate, reversible, and unfit to stand.”

1.3.6Evaṁ vutte, ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—They replied,1.3.7“āpatti esā, āvuso, nesā anāpatti.“This is an offense,1.3.8Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno.and he’s committed it.1.3.9Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto.And he’s been ejected.1.3.10PTS 1.338Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena.The legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.1.3.11Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattittha anuparivārethā”ti.Venerables, don’t side with this monk.”1.3.12Evampi kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattiṁsu anuparivāresuṁ.But they still sided with him.

1.4.1Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Soon afterwards a certain monk went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,1.4.2Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him all that had happened.1.4.3“idha, bhante, aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno ahosi.1.4.4So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṁ.1.4.5So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṁ.1.4.6Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ—1.4.7‘āpattiṁ tvaṁ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṁ āpattin’ti?1.4.8‘Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṁ passeyyan’ti.1.4.9Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū sāmaggiṁ labhitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsu.1.4.10So ca, bhante, bhikkhu bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.1.4.11Atha kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca—1.4.12‘anāpatti esā, āvuso;1.4.13nesā āpatti.1.4.14Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno.1.4.15Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto.1.4.16Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena.1.4.17Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti.1.4.18Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe.1.4.19Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṁ sambhattānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi—1.4.20‘anāpatti esā, āvuso;1.4.21nesā āpatti.1.4.22Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno.1.4.23Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto.1.4.24Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena.1.4.25Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti.1.4.26Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe.1.4.27Atha kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—1.4.28‘anāpatti esā, āvuso;1.4.29nesā āpatti.1.4.30Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno.1.4.31Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto.1.4.32Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā’ti.1.4.33Evaṁ vutte, te, bhante, ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—1.4.34‘āpatti esā, āvuso;1.4.35nesā anāpatti.1.4.36Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno.1.4.37Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto.1.4.38Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena.1.4.39Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattittha anuparivārethā’ti.1.4.40Evampi kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattanti anuparivārentī”ti.

1.5.1Atha kho bhagavā—“bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho, bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho”ti—Realizing that the Sangha of monks was divided, the Buddha1.5.2uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavoca—got up from his seat, went to those monks who had done the ejection, and sat down on the prepared seat. He then said to those monks:

1.5.3“mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave—‘paṭibhāti no, paṭibhāti no’ti—yasmiṁ vā tasmiṁ vā bhikkhuṁ ukkhipitabbaṁ maññittha.“Don’t just eject a monk for any kind of offense merely because it seems clear to you that he’s committed it.

1.6.1Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti.It may be that a monk has committed an offense.1.6.2So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti.He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do.1.6.3Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ jānanti—‘ayaṁ kho āyasmā bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.If they know, ‘This monk is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.1.6.4PTS 1.339Sace mayaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissāma, na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ uposathaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā uposathaṁ karissāma, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo.If we eject him for not recognizing an offense, we won’t be able to do the observance-day ceremony with him. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if they understand the gravity of schism, they shouldn’t eject that monk.

1.7.1Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti.It may be that a monk has committed an offense.1.7.2So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti.He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do.1.7.3Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ jānanti—‘ayaṁ kho āyasmā bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo.If they know, ‘This monk is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training.1.7.4Sace mayaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissāma, na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ pavāressāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā pavāressāma.If we eject him for not recognizing an offense, we won’t be able to do the invitation ceremony with him;1.7.5Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ saṅghakammaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā saṅghakammaṁ karissāma.we won’t be able to do legal procedures with him;1.7.6Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ āsane nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā āsane nisīdissāma.we won’t share a seat with him;1.7.7Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ yāgupāne nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yāgupāne nisīdissāma.we won’t drink congee with him;1.7.8Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ bhattagge nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā bhattagge nisīdissāma.we won’t sit in the dining hall with him;1.7.9Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ ekacchanne vasissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā ekacchanne vasissāma.we won’t stay in the same room with him;1.7.10Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissāma.we won’t bow down, stand up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward one another according to seniority.1.7.11Bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo”ti.Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if they understand the gravity of schism, they shouldn’t eject that monk.”

1.8.1Atha kho bhagavā ukkhepakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca—The Buddha got up from his seat, went to those monks who were siding with the ejected monk, and sat down on the prepared seat. He then said to those monks:

1.8.2“mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, āpattiṁ āpajjitvā ‘nāmha āpannā, nāmha āpannā’ti āpattiṁ na paṭikātabbaṁ maññittha.“If you’ve committed an offense, don’t refuse to make amends for it just because you think that you haven’t committed it.

1.8.3Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti.It may be that a monk has committed an offense.1.8.4So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti.He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do.1.8.5So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu te bhikkhū evaṁ jānāti—‘ime kho āyasmanto bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvino lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā, nālaṁ mamaṁ vā kāraṇā aññesaṁ vā kāraṇā chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṁ gantuṁ.If he knows, ‘These monks are learned and masters of the tradition; they’re experts on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; they’re knowledgeable and competent, have a sense of conscience, and are afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. They’re unlikely, because of me or anyone else, to act wrongly out of favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear.1.8.6Sace maṁ ime bhikkhū āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissanti, na mayā saddhiṁ uposathaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā uposathaṁ karissanti, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya āpatti desetabbā.And if these monks eject me for not recognizing an offense, they won’t be able do the observance-day ceremony with me. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if he understands the gravity of schism, he should confess the offense even out of confidence in the others.

1.8.7Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti.It may be that a monk has committed an offense.1.8.8So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti.He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do.1.8.9So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu te bhikkhū evaṁ jānāti—‘ime kho āyasmanto bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvino lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā, nālaṁ mamaṁ vā kāraṇā aññesaṁ vā kāraṇā chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṁ gantuṁ.If he knows, ‘These monks are learned and masters of the tradition; they’re experts on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; they’re knowledgeable and competent, have a sense of conscience, and are afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. They’re unlikely, because of me or anyone else, to act wrongly out of favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear.1.8.10PTS 1.340Sace maṁ ime bhikkhū āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissanti, na mayā saddhiṁ pavāressanti, vinā mayā pavāressanti.And if these monks eject me for not recognizing an offense, they won’t be able to do the invitation ceremony with me;1.8.11Na mayā saddhiṁ saṅghakammaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā saṅghakammaṁ karissanti.they won’t be able to do legal procedures with me;1.8.12Na mayā saddhiṁ āsane nisīdissanti, vinā mayā āsane nisīdissanti.they won’t share a seat with me;1.8.13Na mayā saddhiṁ yāgupāne nisīdissanti, vinā mayā yāgupāne nisīdissanti.they won’t drink congee with me;1.8.14Na mayā saddhiṁ bhattagge nisīdissanti vinā mayā bhattagge nisīdissanti.they won’t sit in the dining hall with me;1.8.15Na mayā saddhiṁ ekacchanne vasissanti, vinā mayā ekacchanne vasissanti.they won’t stay in the same room with me;1.8.16Na mayā saddhiṁ yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissanti, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya āpatti desetabbā”ti.we won’t bow down, stand up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward one another according to seniority. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if he understands the gravity of schism, he should confess the offense even out of confidence in the others.”1.8.17Atha kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.The Buddha then got up from his seat and left.

1.9.0Monks belonging to different Buddhist sects

1.9.1Tena kho pana samayena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti.Soon those monks who sided with the ejected monk did the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone.1.9.2Ukkhepakā pana bhikkhū nissīmaṁ gantvā uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti.But the monks who had ejected him went outside the monastery zone and did the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures there.1.9.3Atha kho aññataro ukkhepako bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.One of the monks who had done the ejection went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,1.9.4Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him what was happening.

1.9.5“Te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti.1.9.6Mayaṁ pana ukkhepakā bhikkhū nissīmaṁ gantvā uposathaṁ karoma, saṅghakammaṁ karomā”ti.1.9.7“Te ce, bhikkhu, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karissanti, saṅghakammaṁ karissanti, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tesaṁ tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissanti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni.The Buddha replied: “If those monks who side with the ejected monk do the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone, and it’s in accordance with the motion and announcements as I’ve laid them down, then those procedures are legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.1.9.8Tumhe ce, bhikkhu, ukkhepakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karissatha, saṅghakammaṁ karissatha, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tumhākampi tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissanti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni.And if you, the monks who did the ejection, do the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone, and it’s in accordance with the motion and announcements as I’ve laid them down, then those procedures too are legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.1.9.9Taṁ kissa hetu?1.10.1Nānāsaṁvāsakā ete bhikkhū tumhehi, tumhe ca tehi nānāsaṁvāsakā.This is so because you now belong to a different Buddhist sect.

1.10.2Dvemā, bhikkhu, nānāsaṁvāsakabhūmiyo—There are these two grounds for belonging to a different Buddhist sect.1.10.3attanā vā attānaṁ nānāsaṁvāsakaṁ karoti, samaggo vā naṁ saṅgho ukkhipati adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā.Either one makes oneself belong to a different Buddhist sect, or a unanimous assembly ejects one for not recognizing an offense, for not making amends for an offense, or for not giving up a bad view.1.10.4Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve nānāsaṁvāsakabhūmiyo.1.10.5Dvemā, bhikkhu, samānasaṁvāsakabhūmiyo—And there are these two grounds for belonging to the same Buddhist sect.1.10.6attanā vā attānaṁ samānasaṁvāsaṁ karoti, samaggo vā naṁ saṅgho ukkhittaṁ osāreti adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā.Either one makes oneself belong to the same Buddhist sect, or a unanimous assembly readmits one who had been ejected for not recognizing an offense, for not making amends for an offense, or for not giving up a bad view.”¹1.10.7Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve samānasaṁvāsakabhūmiyo”ti.

2.1.0Proper conduct when the Sangha is divided

2.1.1PTS 1.341Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsenti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karonti.At this time the monks were arguing and disputing in the dining halls in inhabited areas, behaving improperly by body and speech, such as grabbing one another.2.1.2Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—People complained and criticized them,2.1.3“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessanti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissantī”ti.“How can the Sakyan monastics behave like this?”

2.1.4Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.The monks heard the complaints of those people,2.1.5Ye te bhikkhū appicchā te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—and the monks of few desires complained and criticized them,2.1.6“kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessanti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissantī”ti.“How can monks behave like this?”2.1.7Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe…They told the Buddha. …2.1.8“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā …pe… hatthaparāmāsaṁ karontī”ti?“Is it true, monks, that monks are behaving like this?”

2.1.9“Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti.“It’s true, sir.”

2.1.10Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe…The Buddha rebuked them …2.1.11vigarahitvā dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—He then gave a teaching and addressed the monks:

2.1.12“bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe adhammiyāyamāne asammodikāya vattamānāya ‘ettāvatā na aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessāma, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissāmā’ti—“When the Sangha is divided and the monks are behaving contrary to the Teaching and are not on friendly terms,2.1.13āsane nisīditabbaṁ.they should sit down and reflect, ‘We won’t behave improperly by body or speech, such as grabbing one another.’2.1.14Bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe dhammiyāyamāne sammodikāya vattamānāya āsanantarikāya nisīditabban”ti.When the Sangha is divided, but the monks are behaving in accordance with the Teaching and are on friendly terms, they should sit down one seat apart.”²

2.2.1Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti.∥The monks were also arguing and disputing in the midst of the Sangha, attacking one another verbally,2.2.2Te na sakkonti taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasametuṁ.and were unable to resolve that legal issue.2.2.3Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—A certain monk went to the Buddha, bowed, and told him what was happening, adding,2.2.4“idha, bhante, bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti.2.2.5Te na sakkonti taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasametuṁ.2.2.6Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṁ upādāyā”ti.“Sir, please go to those monks out of compassion.”2.2.7Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.The Buddha consented by remaining silent.

2.2.8Atha kho bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca—He then went to those monks, sat down on the prepared seat, and said,2.2.9“alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti.“Enough, monks, don’t quarrel and dispute.”

2.2.10Evaṁ vutte, aññataro adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—A certain monk who spoke contrary to the Teaching replied,2.2.11“āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī;“Wait, sir,2.2.12appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu.you’re the Lord of the Teaching. Be at ease and enjoy the happiness of meditation.2.2.13Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti.We’ll face the consequences of this quarreling and disputing.”2.2.14Dutiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca—The Buddha repeated his appeal to those monks,2.2.15“alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti.2.2.16PTS 1.342Dutiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—but got the same reply.2.2.17“āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī;2.2.18appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu.2.2.19Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti.

2.3.02. Dīghāvuvatthu2. The account of Dīghāvu

2.3.1Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—The Buddha then said:

2.3.2“bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṁ brahmadatto nāma kāsirājā ahosi aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro.“At one time in Benares, monks, there was a king of Kāsi called Brahmadatta. He was rich and powerful, had many vehicles and transport animals, and possessed a large kingdom and much wealth.2.3.3Dīghīti nāma kosalarājā ahosi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro.Then there was Dīghīti, the king of Kosala, who was poor and had little power, who had few vehicles and transport animals, and who possessed only a small kingdom and little wealth.

2.3.4Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannayhitvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ abbhuyyāsi.At one time King Brahmadatta, armed with his fourfold army, marched out to attack King Dīghīti.2.3.5Assosi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā—‘brahmadatto kira kāsirājā caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannayhitvā mamaṁ abbhuyyāto’ti.When King Dīghīti heard about this,2.3.6Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi—‘brahmadatto kho kāsirājā aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, ahaṁ panamhi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, nāhaṁ paṭibalo brahmadattena kāsiraññā ekasaṅghātampi sahituṁ.he reflected on King Brahmadatta’s superior wealth and power, and he concluded, ‘I’m incapable of repelling even a single strike from Brahmadatta.2.3.7Yannūnāhaṁ paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippateyyan’ti.Let me flee the town before he arrives.’

2.3.8Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā mahesiṁ ādāya paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippati.And he fled the town together with his queen.2.3.9Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghītissa kosalarañño balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca abhivijiya ajjhāvasati.King Brahmadatta then conquered and seized King Dīghīti’s army, vehicles, and transport animals, as well as his country and wealth.

2.3.10Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko yena bārāṇasī tena pakkāmi.King Dīghīti and his wife set out for Benares.2.3.11Anupubbena yena bārāṇasī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasati.When they eventually arrived, they stayed in the house of a potter on the edge of the town, disguised as wanderers.

2.4.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī nacirasseva gabbhinī ahosi.Soon the queen became pregnant.2.4.2Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno hoti—icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātuṁ.She craved to see the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and to drink water from the washing of swords.2.4.3Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavoca—‘gabbhinīmhi, deva. Tassā me evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno—icchāmi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti.She told the king.2.4.4‘Kuto, devi, amhākaṁ duggatānaṁ caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme ṭhitā, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’tiHe said, ‘How can we possibly achieve this when things are so difficult for us?’

2.4.5‘sacāhaṁ, deva, na labhissāmi, marissāmī’ti.She replied, ‘Well, if I don’t get it, I’ll die.’

2.5.1Tena kho pana samayena, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño sahāyo hoti.At that time King Brahmadatta had a brahmin counselor who was a friend of King Dīghīti.2.5.2PTS 1.343Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohitaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca—‘sakhī te, samma, gabbhinī.King Dīghīti went to his friend and told him about his wife’s pregnancy2.5.3Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno—icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti.and craving.2.5.4‘Tena hi, deva, mayampi deviṁ passāmā’ti.The brahmin replied, ‘Well then, let me see the queen.’

2.5.5Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami.The queen then went to that brahmin.2.5.6Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesiṁ dūratova āgacchantiṁ, disvāna uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṁ udānaṁ udānesi—When he saw her coming, he got up from his seat, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and uttered a heartfelt exclamation three times:

2.5.7‘kosalarājā vata bho kucchigato, kosalarājā vata bho kucchigatoti.‘You have the king of Kosala in your womb!’2.5.8Attamanā, devi, hohi.And he added, ‘Be pleased, lady.2.5.9Lacchasi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti.You’ll get to see the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and to drink water from the washing of swords.’

2.6.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—The brahmin counselor then went to King Brahmadatta and said,2.6.2‘tathā, deva, nimittāni dissanti, sve sūriyuggamanakāle caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme tiṭṭhatu, khaggā ca dhoviyantū’ti.‘The omens are such, sir, that tomorrow you should have the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and have the swords washed.’2.6.3Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi—‘yathā, bhaṇe, purohito brāhmaṇo āha tathā karothā’ti.The king told his people to act accordingly.2.6.4Alabhi kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātuṁ.As a consequence, the queen was able to satisfy her craving.

2.6.5Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tassa gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṁ vijāyi.When she reached her term, the queen gave birth to a son.2.6.6Tassa dīghāvūti nāmaṁ akaṁsu.They called him Dīghāvu.2.6.7Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro nacirasseva viññutaṁ pāpuṇi.Soon enough Prince Dīghāvu became self-reliant.³2.7.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi—‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako, iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ, sacāyaṁ amhe jānissati, sabbeva tayo ghātāpessati, yannūnāhaṁ dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ bahinagare vāseyyan’ti.King Dīghīti thought, ‘This King Brahmadatta has caused us much misfortune; he’s taken our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth. If he finds out about us, he’ll kill all three of us. Let me take Prince Dīghāvu to live out of town.’2.7.2Atha kho, bhikkhavo, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ bahinagare vāsesi.And he did just that.2.7.3PTS 1.344Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bahinagare paṭivasanto nacirasseva sabbasippāni sikkhi.As he was living outside of town, Prince Dīghāvu was soon training in all branches of knowledge.

2.8.1Tena kho pana samayena dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako brahmadatte kāsiraññe paṭivasati.At this time King Dīghīti’s old barber was living at King Brahmadatta’s court.2.8.2Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasantaṁ, disvāna yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—On one occasion he saw King Dīghīti and his wife staying in that potter’s house, disguised as wanderers. He then went to King Brahmadatta and told him.2.8.3‘dīghīti, deva, kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasatī’ti.2.9.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi—‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ ānethā’ti.The king ordered his people to get King Dīghīti and his wife.2.9.2‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ ānesuṁ.When they had done so,2.9.3Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi—he said,2.9.4‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipathā’ti.‘Bind their arms behind their backs with a strong rope and shave their heads. Parade them from street to street and square to square to the beat of a harsh drum. Then take them out of town through the southern gate, cut them in four, and place the pieces at the four directions.’2.9.5‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinenti.Saying, ‘Yes, sir,’ they bound and shaved King Dīghīti and his wife, and paraded them as instructed.

2.10.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—‘ciraṁdiṭṭhā kho me mātāpitaro. Yannūnāhaṁ mātāpitaro passeyyan’ti.Just then Prince Dīghāvu thought, ‘I haven’t seen my parents for a long time. Why don’t I pay them a visit?’2.10.2Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā addasa mātāpitaro daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinente, disvāna yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami.When he entered Benares, he saw what was happening to his parents.2.10.3Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ; disvāna dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—As he approached them, King Dīghīti said to him,2.10.4‘mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.‘My dear Dīghāvu, see neither long nor short.2.10.5PTS 1.345Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;For hatred never ends through hatred;2.10.6averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti.hatred only ends through love.’

2.11.1Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavocuṁ—‘ummattako ayaṁ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati.The people there said to King Dīghīti, ‘You’re insane, King Dīghīti, you’re babbling.2.11.2Ko imassa dīghāvu?Who’s Dīghāvu?2.11.3Kaṁ ayaṁ evamāha—mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.Who are you saying this to?’2.11.4Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.11.5averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti.

2.11.6‘Nāhaṁ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’ti.‘I’m not insane, I’m not babbling. The wise will understand.’

2.11.7Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave …pe…King Dīghīti repeated what he had said to the prince a second2.11.8tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—and a third time, and the people there reacted as before.2.11.9‘mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.2.11.10Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.11.11averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti.

2.11.12Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavocuṁ—2.11.13‘ummattako ayaṁ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati.2.11.14Ko imassa dīghāvu?2.11.15Kaṁ ayaṁ evamāha—2.11.16“mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.2.11.17Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.11.18averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”’ti.

2.11.19‘Nāhaṁ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’ti.

2.11.20Atha kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipitvā gumbaṁ ṭhapetvā pakkamiṁsu.Then, when the parading was finished, they took King Dīghīti and his wife through the southern gate and cut them in four. They placed the pieces at the four directions, set up guard, and departed.

2.12.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā suraṁ nīharitvā gumbiye pāyesi.Prince Dīghāvu entered Benares, brought back some alcohol, and gave it to the guards.2.12.2Yadā te mattā ahesuṁ patitā, atha kaṭṭhāni saṅkaḍḍhitvā citakaṁ karitvā mātāpitūnaṁ sarīraṁ citakaṁ āropetvā aggiṁ datvā pañjaliko tikkhattuṁ citakaṁ padakkhiṇaṁ akāsi.When they were lying drunken on the ground, he collected sticks, built a funeral pyre, and placed his parents’ remains on top. He then lit the pyre, and raising his joined palms, he circumambulated it with his right side toward it.

2.12.3Tena kho pana samayena brahmadatto kāsirājā uparipāsādavaragato hoti.Just then King Brahmadatta was up in his finest stilt house,2.12.4Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ pañjalikaṁ tikkhattuṁ citakaṁ padakkhiṇaṁ karontaṁ, disvānassa etadahosi—and he saw Prince Dīghāvu doing those funeral rites. He thought,2.12.5‘nissaṁsayaṁ kho so manusso dīghītissa kosalarañño ñāti vā sālohito vā, aho me anatthato, na hi nāma me koci ārocessatī’ti.‘No doubt this is a relative of King Dīghīti. This is surely a sign of trouble for me, in that nobody has told me.’

2.13.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro araññaṁ gantvā yāvadatthaṁ kanditvā roditvā khappaṁ puñchitvā bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā antepurassa sāmantā hatthisālaṁ gantvā hatthācariyaṁ etadavoca—The prince then went into the wilderness and cried his heart out. Wiping away his tears, he entered Benares and went to the elephant stables next to the royal compound. He said to the elephant trainer,2.13.2‘icchāmahaṁ, ācariya, sippaṁ sikkhitun’ti.‘Teacher, I wish to learn your profession.’

2.13.3‘Tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, sikkhassū’ti.‘Well then, young brahmin, I’ll teach you.’

2.13.4Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesi.Soon the prince was getting up early in the morning, singing sweetly and playing his lute in the elephant stables.2.13.5Assosi kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gītaṁ vīṇañca vāditaṁ, sutvāna manusse pucchi—King Brahmadatta, too, was getting up early, and he heard that music. He asked his people2.14.1PTS 1.346‘ko, bhaṇe, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti?who it was.2.14.2‘Amukassa, deva, hatthācariyassa antevāsī māṇavako rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti.They replied that it was a young brahmin who was an apprentice of such-and-such an elephant trainer.

2.14.3‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, taṁ māṇavakaṁ ānethā’ti.‘Well then, bring him here.’

2.14.4‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ ānesuṁ.They brought the prince,2.14.5‘Tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti?and the king asked him whether he was the one who had been singing and playing the lute.2.14.6‘Evaṁ, devā’ti.When the prince confirmed that it was he,2.14.7‘Tena hi tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, gāyassu, vīṇañca vādehī’ti.the king said, ‘Well then, sing and play right here.’2.14.8‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā ārādhāpekkho mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesi.Dīghāvu consented and did his best to please the king.2.14.9‘Tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, maṁ upaṭṭhahā’ti.The king said, ‘Now then, young man, please attend on me.’2.14.10‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paccassosi.The prince agreed.

2.14.11Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño pubbuṭṭhāyī ahosi pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī.The prince then got up before the king and went to bed after him. He willingly performed any services and was pleasant in his conduct and speech.2.14.12Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ nacirasseva abbhantarime vissāsikaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.Soon the king put the prince in an intimate position of trust.

2.15.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—On one occasion the king said to the prince,2.15.2‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṁ yojehi, migavaṁ gamissāmā’ti.‘Listen, young man. Harness a chariot, and let’s go hunting.’2.15.3‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ yojetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—He did as asked and told the king,2.15.4‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassadāni kālaṁ maññasī’ti.‘Sir, the chariot is ready. You may leave when you’re ready.’2.15.5Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṁ abhiruhi.The king mounted the chariot,2.15.6Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṁ pesesi.with the prince driving it.2.15.7Tathā tathā rathaṁ pesesi yathā yathā aññeneva senā agamāsi aññeneva ratho.He then drove the chariot away from the army.

2.15.8Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dūraṁ gantvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—When they had gone a long way, the king said to the prince,2.15.9‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṁ muñcassu, kilantomhi, nipajjissāmī’ti.‘Listen, unharness the chariot. I’m tired. I wish to lie down.’2.15.10‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ muñcitvā pathaviyaṁ pallaṅkena nisīdi.He did as asked and then sat down cross-legged on the ground.2.15.11Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa ucchaṅge sīsaṁ katvā seyyaṁ kappesi.The king lay down, resting his head on the prince’s lap.2.15.12Tassa kilantassa muhuttakeneva niddā okkami.And because he was tired, he quickly fell asleep.2.16.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—The prince thought,2.16.2PTS 1.347‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako.‘This king has caused us much misfortune.2.16.3Iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ.He took our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth.2.16.4Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā.He killed my mother and father.2.16.5Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi.This is my chance to take revenge.’ And he drew his sword from its scabbard.

2.16.6Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—He then thought,2.16.7‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.‘At the time of his death, my father said to me, “My dear Dīghāvu, see neither long nor short.2.16.8Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;For hatred never ends through hatred;2.16.9averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti.hatred only ends through love.”2.16.10Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi.It wouldn’t be right for me to ignore my father’s advice.’ And he returned the sword to its scabbard.

2.16.11Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—A second and a third time he had the same thoughts, and each time he ended up returning the sword to its scabbard.2.16.12‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako, iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ, iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā, ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi.2.16.13Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—2.16.14‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ, na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.16.15averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti.2.16.16Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti.2.16.17Punadeva kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi.

2.16.18Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—2.16.19‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako.2.16.20Iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ.2.16.21Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā.2.16.22Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi.

2.16.23Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—2.16.24‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.2.16.25Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.16.26averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti.2.16.27Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti punadeva kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi.

2.16.28Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsi.Just then King Brahmadatta suddenly got up, frightened and alarmed.2.16.29Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—‘kissa tvaṁ, deva, bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsī’ti?The prince asked him what was the matter,2.16.30‘Idha maṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro supinantena khaggena paripātesi.and the king said, ‘I just dreamed that Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala, attacked me with a sword.’2.16.31Tenāhaṁ bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsin’ti.2.17.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro vāmena hatthena brahmadattassa kāsirañño sīsaṁ parāmasitvā dakkhiṇena hatthena khaggaṁ nibbāhetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—Seizing the king’s head with his left hand and drawing his sword with his right hand, the prince said to the king,2.17.2‘ahaṁ kho so, deva, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro.‘Sir, I’m that Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala.2.17.3Bahuno tvaṁ amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako.You’ve caused us much misfortune.2.17.4Tayā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ.You took our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth.2.17.5Tayā ca me mātāpitaro hatā.You killed my mother and father.2.17.6Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yvāhaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti.This is my chance to take revenge.’

2.17.7Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—The king bowed down with his head at the prince’s feet and said,2.17.8‘jīvitaṁ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehi. Jīvitaṁ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehī’ti.‘Dear Dīghāvu, please spare my life.’

2.17.9‘Kyāhaṁ ussahāmi devassa jīvitaṁ dātuṁ?‘Who am I to spare your life?2.17.10Devo kho me jīvitaṁ dadeyyā’ti.Sir, it’s you who should spare mine.’

2.17.11‘Tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, tvañceva me jīvitaṁ dehi, ahañca te jīvitaṁ dammī’ti.‘Well then, Dīghāvu, if you spare my life, I’ll spare yours.’

2.17.12Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto ca kāsirājā dīghāvu ca kumāro aññamaññassa jīvitaṁ adaṁsu, pāṇiñca aggahesuṁ, sapathañca akaṁsu addūbhāya.The king and Dīghāvu spared each other’s lives. They shook hands and made a vow not to harm one another.

2.17.13Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—The king said to the prince,2.17.14PTS 1.348‘tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, rathaṁ yojehi, gamissāmā’ti.‘Well then, Dīghāvu, harness the chariot and let’s go.’2.17.15‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ yojetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—He did as asked and told to the king,2.17.16‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassadāni kālaṁ maññasī’ti.‘Sir, the chariot is ready. You may leave when you’re ready.’2.17.17Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṁ abhiruhi.The king mounted the chariot,2.17.18Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṁ pesesi.with the prince driving it.2.17.19Tathā tathā rathaṁ pesesi yathā yathā nacirasseva senāya samāgañchi.And he drove it so that it soon rejoined the army.

2.18.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā amacce pārisajje sannipātāpetvā etadavoca—When he was back in Benares, the king gathered his court and said,2.18.2‘sace, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño puttaṁ dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ passeyyātha, kinti naṁ kareyyāthā’ti?‘Now, let me ask you: if you saw Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala, what would you do to him?’

2.18.3Ekacce evamāhaṁsu—They variously replied,2.18.4‘mayaṁ, deva, hatthe chindeyyāma.‘Sir, we’d cut off his hands;’2.18.5Mayaṁ, deva, pāde chindeyyāma.‘We’d cut off his feet;’2.18.6Mayaṁ, deva, hatthapāde chindeyyāma.‘We’d cut off both his hands and feet;’2.18.7Mayaṁ, deva, kaṇṇe chindeyyāma.‘We’d cut off his ears;’2.18.8Mayaṁ, deva, nāsaṁ chindeyyāma.‘We’d cut off his nose;’2.18.9Mayaṁ, deva, kaṇṇanāsaṁ chindeyyāma.‘We’d cut off both his ears and nose;’2.18.10Mayaṁ, deva, sīsaṁ chindeyyāmā’ti.‘We’d cut off his head.’

2.18.11‘Ayaṁ kho, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro.‘Well, this is Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala.2.18.12Nāyaṁ labbhā kiñci kātuṁ.You shouldn’t do anything to harm him.2.18.13Iminā ca me jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ, mayā ca imassa jīvitaṁ dinnan’ti.I’ve spared his life and he’s spared mine.’

2.19.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca—Soon afterwards the king said to Dīghāvu,2.19.2‘yaṁ kho te, tāta dīghāvu, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ.‘Dīghāvu, what’s the meaning of that which your father told you at the time of his death?’

2.19.3Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.19.4averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti, kiṁ te pitā sandhāya avacā’ti?

2.19.5‘Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā dīghan”ti mā ciraṁ veraṁ akāsīti.‘When he said, “Not long,” he meant, “Don’t harbor hate for a long time.”2.19.6Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā dīghan”ti.2.19.7Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā rassan”ti mā khippaṁ mittehi bhijjitthāti.When he said, “Not short,” he meant, “Don’t hastily break with your friends.”2.19.8Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā rassan”ti.2.19.9Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti, averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti devena me mātāpitaro hatāti.And when he said, “For hatred never ends through hatred; hatred only ends through love,” he was referring to your killing of my mother and father.2.19.10Sacāhaṁ devaṁ jīvitā voropeyyaṁ, ye devassa atthakāmā te maṁ jīvitā voropeyyuṁ, ye me atthakāmā te te jīvitā voropeyyuṁ—For if I had killed you, those who wish you well would’ve killed me, and those who wish me well would in turn have killed them.2.19.11evaṁ taṁ veraṁ verena na vūpasameyya.In this way the hatred would never end through hatred.2.19.12Idāni ca pana me devena jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ, mayā ca devassa jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ.But now you’ve spared my life and I’ve spared yours.2.19.13Evaṁ taṁ veraṁ averena vūpasantaṁ.In this way hatred ends through love.’

2.19.14Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca—2.19.15“na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti;2.19.16averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”’ti.

2.20.1Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā—The king thought,2.20.2PTS 1.349‘acchariyaṁ vata bho, abbhutaṁ vata bho.‘It’s amazing2.20.3Yāva paṇḍito ayaṁ dīghāvu kumāro, yatra hi nāma pituno saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṁ ājānissatī’ti pettikaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca paṭipādesi, dhītarañca adāsi.how wise Dīghāvu is, as he’s able to fully understand the meaning of his father’s brief statement.’ He gave him back his father’s army, his vehicles and transport animals, and his country and wealth. And he also gave him his own daughter.

2.20.4Tesañhi nāma, bhikkhave, rājūnaṁ ādinnadaṇḍānaṁ ādinnasatthānaṁ evarūpaṁ khantisoraccaṁ bhavissati.“In this way, monks, those kings who had the authority to punish were actually patient and gentle.2.20.5Idha kho pana taṁ, bhikkhave, sobhetha yaṁ tumhe evaṁ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā khamā ca bhaveyyātha soratā cā”ti?But right here, you who’ve gone forth on this well-proclaimed spiritual path, do you shine with your patience and gentleness?”

2.20.6Tatiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca—A third time the Buddha said to those monks,2.20.7“alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti.“Enough, monks, don’t quarrel and dispute.”2.20.8Tatiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—And a third time that monk who spoke contrary to the Teaching replied,2.20.9“āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī;“Wait, sir, you’re the Lord of the Teaching.2.20.10appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu.Be at ease and enjoy the happiness of meditation.2.20.11Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti.We’ll face the consequences of this quarreling and disputing.”

2.20.12Atha kho bhagavā—The Buddha thought,2.20.13“pariyādinnarūpā kho ime moghapurisā, nayime sukarā saññāpetun”ti—“These foolish men are consumed by emotions. It’s not easy to persuade them,”2.20.14uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.and he got up from his seat and left.

2.20.15Dīghāvubhāṇavāro niṭṭhito paṭhamo.The first section for recitation on Dīghāvu is finished.

4.6.05. Pālileyyakagamanakathā5. The account of going to Pālileyyaka

5.1.1Atha kho bhagavā pālileyyake yathābhirantaṁ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi.When the Buddha had stayed at Pālileyyaka for as long as he liked, he set out wandering toward Sāvatthī.5.1.2Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari.When he eventually arrived,5.1.3Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.he stayed in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.

5.1.4Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā—Soon the lay followers in Kosambī considered,5.1.5“ime kho ayyā kosambakā bhikkhū bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārakā.“These venerable monks at Kosambī have caused us much misfortune.5.1.6Imehi ubbāḷho bhagavā pakkanto.The Buddha himself left because he was troubled by them.5.1.7Handa mayaṁ ayye kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādeyyāma, na paccuṭṭheyyāma, na añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ kareyyāma, na sakkareyyāma, na garuṁ kareyyāma, na māneyyāma, na bhajeyyāma, na pūjeyyāma, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṁ na dajjeyyāma—Well then, let’s not bow down, rise up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward them. And let’s not honor, respect, esteem, or associate with them, nor give them almsfood.5.1.8evaṁ ime amhehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā pakkamissanti vā vibbhamissanti vā bhagavantaṁ vā pasādessantī”ti.Then, they’ll either leave, disrobe, or reconcile with the Buddha.”5.2.1PTS 1.354Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṁ, na paccuṭṭhesuṁ, na añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ akaṁsu, na sakkariṁsu, na garuṁ kariṁsu, na mānesuṁ, na bhajesuṁ, na pūjesuṁ, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṁ na adaṁsu.And they did just that.

5.2.2Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū kosambakehi upāsakehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā evamāhaṁsu—Soon the monks at Kosambī said,5.2.3“handa mayaṁ, āvuso, sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhagavato santike imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasameyyāmā”ti.“Well then, let’s go to Sāvatthī and resolve this legal issue in the presence of the Buddha.”

5.2.4.06. Aṭṭhārasavatthukathā6. The account of the eighteen grounds

5.2.4.1Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū senāsanaṁ saṁsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi tenupasaṅkamiṁsu.The monks at Kosambī put their dwellings in order, took their bowls and robes, and went to Sāvatthī.5.3.1Assosi kho āyasmā sāriputto—When Venerable Sāriputta heard5.3.2“te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti.that they were coming,5.3.3Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.3.4Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.3.5“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti.5.3.6Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti?adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?”

5.3.7“Tena hi tvaṁ, sāriputta, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī”ti.“Take your stand in accordance with the Teaching.”

5.3.8“Kathāhaṁ, bhante, jāneyyaṁ dhammaṁ vā adhammaṁ vā”ti?“And how do I know what accords with the Teaching and what doesn’t?”

5.4.1“Aṭṭhārasahi kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.“There are eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking contrary to the Teaching:

1. 5.4.2Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti,A monk proclaims what’s contrary to the Teaching as being in accordance with it,⁹
2. 5.4.3dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti;and what’s in accordance with the Teaching as contrary to it.
3. 5.4.4avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti,He proclaims what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as being in accordance with it,
4. 5.4.5vinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti;and what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as contrary to it.
5. 5.4.6abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what hasn’t been spoken by the Buddha as spoken by him,
6. 5.4.7bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what’s been spoken by the Buddha as not spoken by him.
7. 5.4.8anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what wasn’t practiced by the Buddha as practiced by him,
8. 5.4.9āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what was practiced by the Buddha as not practiced by him.
9. 5.4.10apaññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what wasn’t laid down by the Buddha as laid down by him,
10. 5.4.11paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what was laid down by the Buddha as not laid down by him.
11. 5.4.12anāpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a non-offense as an offense,
12. 5.4.13āpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti;and an offense as a non-offense.
13. 5.4.14lahukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a light offense as heavy,
14. 5.4.15garukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti;and a heavy offense as light.
15. 5.4.16sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a curable offense as incurable,
16. 5.4.17anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti;and an incurable offense as curable.
17. 5.4.18duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a grave offense as minor,
18. 5.4.19aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti—and a minor offense as grave.

5.4.20imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.

5.5.1Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo.And there are eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking in accordance with the Teaching:

1. 5.5.2Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti,A monk proclaims what’s contrary to the Teaching as such,
2. 5.5.3dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti;and what’s in accordance with the Teaching as such.
3. 5.5.4avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti,He proclaims what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as such,
4. 5.5.5vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti;and what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as such.
5. 5.5.6abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what hasn’t been spoken by the Buddha as such,
6. 5.5.7PTS 1.355bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what’s been spoken by the Buddha as such.
7. 5.5.8anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what wasn’t practiced by the Buddha as such,
8. 5.5.9āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what was practiced by the Buddha as such.
9. 5.5.10apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti,He proclaims what wasn’t laid down by the Buddha as such,
10. 5.5.11paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;and what was laid down by the Buddha as such.
11. 5.5.12anāpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a non-offense as such,
12. 5.5.13āpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti;and an offense as such.
13. 5.5.14lahukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a light offense as light,
14. 5.5.15garukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti;and a heavy offense as heavy.
15. 5.5.16sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a curable offense as curable,
16. 5.5.17anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti;and an incurable offense as incurable.
17. 5.5.18duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti,He proclaims a grave offense as grave,
18. 5.5.19aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti—and a minor offense as minor.”

5.5.20imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo”ti.

5.6.1Assosi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno …pe…When Venerable Mahāmoggallāna heard …5.6.2assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo …When Venerable Mahākassapa heard …5.6.3assosi kho āyasmā mahākaccāno …When Venerable Mahākaccāna heard …5.6.4assosi kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko …When Venerable Mahākoṭṭhika heard …5.6.5assosi kho āyasmā mahākappino …When Venerable Mahākappina heard …5.6.6assosi kho āyasmā mahācundo …When Venerable Mahācunda heard …5.6.7assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho …When Venerable Anuruddha heard …5.6.8assosi kho āyasmā revato …When Venerable Revata heard …5.6.9assosi kho āyasmā upāli …When Venerable Upāli heard …5.6.10assosi kho āyasmā ānando …When Venerable Ānanda heard …5.6.11assosi kho āyasmā rāhulo—When Venerable Rāhula heard5.6.12“te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti.that they were coming,5.6.13Atha kho āyasmā rāhulo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.he too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.6.14Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā rāhulo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.6.15“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti.5.6.16Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti?adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?”

5.6.17“Tena hi tvaṁ, rāhula, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī”ti.“Take your stand in accordance with the Teaching.”

5.6.18“Kathāhaṁ, bhante, jāneyyaṁ dhammaṁ vā adhammaṁ vā”ti?“And how do I know what accords with the Teaching and what doesn’t?”5.6.19“Aṭṭhārasahi kho, rāhula, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.The Buddha told him, too, about the eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking contrary to the Teaching5.6.20Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti;and the eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking in accordance with the Teaching.5.6.21avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti;5.6.22abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.23anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.24apaññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.25anāpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti;5.6.26lahukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti;5.6.27sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti;5.6.28duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti—5.6.29imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.

5.6.30Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, rāhula, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo.5.6.31Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti;5.6.32avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti;5.6.33abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.34anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.35apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti;5.6.36anāpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti;5.6.37lahukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti;5.6.38sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti;5.6.39duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti—5.6.40imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo”ti.

5.7.1Assosi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī—When Mahāpajāpati Gotamī heard5.7.2“te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti.that they were coming,5.7.3Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi.she too went to the Buddha, bowed,5.7.4Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.7.5“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti.5.7.6Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti?adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?”

5.7.7“Tena hi tvaṁ, gotami, ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa.“Well, Gotamī, listen to the teaching from both sides.5.7.8Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehi.Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.5.7.9Yañca kiñci bhikkhunisaṅghena bhikkhusaṅghato paccāsīsitabbaṁ sabbaṁ taṁ dhammavāditova paccāsīsitabban”ti.And whatever support the Sangha of nuns seeks from the Sangha of monks, they should get it all from those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

5.8.1Assosi kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati—When Anāthapiṇḍika heard5.8.2“te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti.that they were coming,5.8.3Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.he too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.8.4Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.8.5“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti.5.8.6Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti?adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?”

5.8.7“Tena hi tvaṁ, gahapati, ubhayattha dānaṁ dehi.“Well, householder, make offerings to both sides5.8.8Ubhayattha dānaṁ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa.and listen to their teachings.5.8.9Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī”ti.Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

5.9.1Assosi kho visākhā migāramātā—When Visākhā Migāramātā heard5.9.2PTS 1.356“te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti.that they were coming,5.9.3Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.she too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.9.4Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho visākhā migāramātā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.9.5“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti.5.9.6Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti?adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?”

5.9.7“Tena hi tvaṁ, visākhe, ubhayattha dānaṁ dehi.“Well, Visākhā, make offerings to both sides5.9.8Ubhayattha dānaṁ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa.and listen to their teachings.5.9.9Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī”ti.Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

5.10.1Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū anupubbena yena sāvatthi tadavasaruṁ.Eventually those monks from Kosambī arrived at Sāvatthī.5.10.2Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Venerable Sāriputta went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.10.3Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and told him,5.10.4“te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ anuppattā.5.10.5Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu senāsane paṭipajjitabban”ti?adding, “How should we prepare dwellings for these monks?”

5.10.6“Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ dātabban”ti.“Give them dwellings in a separate place.”

5.10.7“Sace pana, bhante, vivittaṁ na hoti, kathaṁ paṭipajjitabban”ti?“But what should we do if there are no dwellings in a separate place?”

5.10.8“Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṁ katvāpi dātabbaṁ,“In that case, create separate resting places and then give them out.

5.10.9na tvevāhaṁ, sāriputta, kenaci pariyāyena vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno senāsanaṁ paṭibāhitabbanti vadāmi.Under no circumstances, Sāriputta, should a dwelling be reserved for a more senior monk.¹⁰5.10.10Yo paṭibāheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

5.10.11“Āmise pana, bhante, kathaṁ paṭipajjitabban”ti?“And what should we do regarding food and requisites?”

5.10.12“Āmisaṁ kho, sāriputta, sabbesaṁ samakaṁ bhājetabban”ti.“Food and requisites should be distributed equally to everyone.”

5.11.07. Osāraṇānujānana7. The instruction to readmit

5.11.1Atha kho tassa ukkhittakassa bhikkhuno dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa etadahosi—Then that ejected monk reflected on the Teaching and the Monastic Law, and he concluded,5.11.2“āpatti esā, nesā anāpatti.“This is an offense5.11.3Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno.and I’ve committed it.5.11.4Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto.I’ve been ejected,5.11.5Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahenā”ti.for the legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.”5.11.6Atha kho so ukkhittako bhikkhu yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca—He went to those who were siding with him and told them5.11.7“āpatti esā, āvuso;what he had been thinking,5.11.8nesā anāpatti.5.11.9Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno.5.11.10Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto.5.11.11Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena.5.11.12Etha maṁ āyasmanto osārethā”ti.adding, “Come, venerables, please readmit me.”

5.12.1Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.They then took that monk to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.12.2Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ—and told him5.12.3“ayaṁ, bhante, ukkhittako bhikkhu evamāha—what had happened,5.12.4‘āpatti esā, āvuso;5.12.5nesā anāpatti.5.12.6Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno.5.12.7Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto.5.12.8Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena.5.12.9Etha maṁ āyasmanto osārethā’ti.5.12.10Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabban”ti?adding, “Sir, what should we do now?”

5.12.11“Āpatti esā, bhikkhave;“This is an offense, monks,5.12.12nesā anāpatti.5.12.13Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno.and this monk has committed it.5.12.14Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto.He’s been ejected,5.12.15PTS 1.357Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena.for the legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.5.12.16Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passati ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, taṁ bhikkhuṁ osārethā”ti.But since he recognizes this, he should be readmitted.”

5.13.08. Saṅghasāmaggīkathā8. Discussion of unity in the Sangha

5.13.1Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ osāretvā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ—Soon afterwards the monks who had been siding with the ejected monk readmitted him. They then went to the monks who had ejected him and said,5.13.2“yasmiṁ, āvuso, vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca.“This monk has recognized that he had committed an offense and was ejected. He’s now been readmitted. Because of this, the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been removed.¹¹5.13.3Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karomā”ti.To resolve this matter, let’s unify the Sangha.”

5.13.4Atha kho te ukkhepakā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.The monks who had done the ejection went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,5.13.5Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ—and told him5.13.6“te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu—what had happened,5.13.7‘yasmiṁ, āvuso, vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca.5.13.8Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karomā’ti.5.13.9Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabban”ti?adding, “How should we proceed with this?”

5.14.1“Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karotu.“This being the case, you should resolve this matter by unifying the Sangha.5.14.2Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbā.And it should be done like this.5.14.3Sabbeheva ekajjhaṁ sannipatitabbaṁ gilānehi ca agilānehi ca.Everyone should gather in one place, including those who are sick.5.14.4Na kehici chando dātabbo.No one should give their consent.5.14.5Sannipatitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo—A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha:

5.14.17Tāvadeva uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabban”ti.The observance-day ceremony, the recitation of the Monastic Code, should be done straightaway.”

6.1.09. Upālisaṅghasāmaggīpucchā9. Upāli’s questions about unity in the Sangha

6.1.1PTS 1.358Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.Soon afterwards Venerable Upāli went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down,6.1.2Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṁ etadavoca—and said,6.1.3“yasmiṁ, bhante, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī”ti?“Sir, if the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, hasn’t been decided by the Sangha, hasn’t been resolved by the Sangha, yet the Sangha unifies the Sangha—is that unity in the Sangha legitimate?”

6.1.4“Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, adhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī”ti.“That unity in the Sangha is illegitimate.”

6.1.5“Yasmiṁ pana, bhante, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī”ti?“If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been decided by the Sangha, has been resolved by the Sangha, and the Sangha then unifies the Sangha—is that unity in the Sangha legitimate?”

6.1.6“Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī”ti.“That unity in the Sangha is legitimate.”

6.2.1“Kati nu kho, bhante, saṅghasāmaggiyo”ti?“And sir, how many kinds of unity in the Sangha are there?”

6.2.2“Dvemā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggiyo—“There are two kinds of unity in the Sangha.6.2.3atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā;There’s the unity in the Sangha where the wording is fulfilled, but not the purpose.6.2.4atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca.And there’s the unity in the Sangha where both the wording and the purpose are fulfilled.6.2.5Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā?6.2.6Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, ayaṁ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā.If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, hasn’t been decided by the Sangha, hasn’t been resolved by the Sangha, yet the Sangha unifies the Sangha, this is called unity in the Sangha where the wording is fulfilled, but not the purpose.6.2.7Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca?6.2.8Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, ayaṁ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca.If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been decided by the Sangha, has been resolved by the Sangha, and the Sangha then unifies the Sangha, this is called unity in the Sangha where both the wording and the purpose are fulfilled.”6.2.9Imā kho, upāli, dve saṅghasāmaggiyo”ti.

6.3.1Atha kho āyasmā upāli uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi—Upāli then got up from his seat, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and spoke to the Buddha in verse:

6.3.2“Saṅghassa kiccesu ca mantanāsu ca,“In regard to the duties and discussions of the Sangha,6.3.3Atthesu jātesu vinicchayesu ca;In regard to the business that arises <j>and the investigations—6.3.4Kathaṁpakārodha naro mahatthiko,A person of great value, how does he handle these?6.3.5Bhikkhu kathaṁ hotidha paggahāraho”ti.How is a monk fit to deal with these?”

6.3.6PTS 1.359“Anānuvajjo paṭhamena sīlato,“Blameless in the basic morality,6.3.7Avekkhitācāro susaṁvutindriyo;Watching his own behavior, <j>with senses well-restrained—6.3.8Paccatthikā nūpavadanti dhammato,His enemies cannot legitimately criticize him;6.3.9Na hissa taṁ hoti vadeyyu yena naṁ.There’s nothing for them to correct in him.

6.3.10So tādiso sīlavisuddhiyā ṭhito,Having such purity of conduct,6.3.11Visārado hoti visayha bhāsati;Enabled, he speaks confidently;6.3.12Nacchambhati parisagato na vedhati,Without fear, he doesn’t tremble in a gathering;6.3.13Atthaṁ na hāpeti anuyyutaṁ bhaṇaṁ.He doesn’t neglect the meaning and speaks naturally.

6.3.14Tatheva pañhaṁ parisāsu pucchito,If then asked a question in a gathering,6.3.15Na ceva pajjhāyati na maṅku hoti;He’s neither shy nor timid.6.3.16So kālāgataṁ byākaraṇārahaṁ vaco,His words are timely and pertinent;6.3.17Rañjeti viññūparisaṁ vicakkhaṇo.He watchfully satisfies a discerning gathering.

6.3.18Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu,Respectful of more senior monks,6.3.19Ācerakamhi ca sake visārado;Having confidence in his teacher,6.3.20Alaṁ pametuṁ paguṇo kathetave,Able to investigate, clever in discussion,6.3.21Paccatthikānañca viraddhikovido.Skilled in defeating his opponents.¹²

6.3.22Paccatthikā yena vajanti niggahaṁ,Wherever his opponents turn, he refutes them,6.3.23Mahājano saññapanañca gacchati;And the crowd is convinced.6.3.24Sakañca ādāyamayaṁ na riñcati,He doesn’t abandon his position,6.3.25Viyākaraṁ pañhamanūpaghātikaṁ.Yet answers questions without hurting anyone.

6.3.26Dūteyyakammesu alaṁ samuggaho,He’s capable of acting as messenger,6.3.27Saṅghassa kiccesu ca āhu naṁ yathā;And about the business of the Sangha, <j>they speak to him.6.3.28Karaṁ vaco bhikkhugaṇena pesito,When speaking, <j>or sent out by the community of monks,¹³6.3.29Ahaṁ karomīti na tena maññati.He doesn’t think, ‘I’m doing it.’

6.3.30Āpajjati yāvatakesu vatthusu,As far as the actions by which one commits offenses,6.3.31Āpattiyā hoti yathā ca vuṭṭhiti;And how they’re cleared,6.3.32Ete vibhaṅgā ubhayassa svāgatā,Both these analyses he has learned well.6.3.33Āpatti vuṭṭhānapadassa kovido.He’s skilled in the ways of clearing offenses.

6.3.34Nissāraṇaṁ gacchati yāni cācaraṁ,If one is sent away for one’s conduct,6.3.35Nissārito hoti yathā ca vattanā;But once sent away one acts rightly,6.3.36Osāraṇaṁ taṁvusitassa jantuno,There’s readmittance for one who lives thus.6.3.37Etampi jānāti vibhaṅgakovido.This too he knows, the one skilled in analysis.

6.3.38Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu,Respectful of more senior monks,6.3.39Navesu theresu ca majjhimesu ca;Yet whether junior, senior, or of middle standing,6.3.40Mahājanassatthacarodha paṇḍito,The wise practice for the benefit of the many—6.3.41So tādiso bhikkhu idha paggahāraho”ti.Such a monk is fit to deal with these.”

6.3.42Kosambakakkhandhako dasamo.The tenth chapter on division in the Sangha.

6.3.64Kosambakakkhandhako niṭṭhito.The chapter on division in the Sangha is finished.

6.3.65Mahāvaggo niṭṭhito.The Great Division is finished.

6.3.66Mahāvaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.The canonical text of the Great Division is finished.